Introduction After the end of the Sangam age, the Cholas became feudatories but rose again to prominence in 9 century AD. These were the years of the Imperial Cholas as they had captured the entire Malay peninsula and Sri Lanka. …

Pallavas dynasty: After the Sangam age ended, the Kalabraha’s captured the south and ruled for 250 years till the Pallavas dynasty started. The Pallavas ruled till they were ended by the Imperial Cholas in 10 century AD. Their origin is …

Introduction The decline of the Gupta Empire in the north created political disunity which was resolved after Harshavardhan established his Empire. The details of Harshavardhan’s Empire can be seen in Huen Tsang’s, a Chinese traveler account, and the works of Bana, a …

Introduction In 4 Century AD, a new dynasty emerged over Magadha and ruled a large part of North India. Their rule lasted for over 200 years. The rule of the Guptans over North India is often described as an imperial …

Introduction South of the Deccan plateau, the land between the Venkatam hills and Kanyakumari is known as the Tamilaham. The Sangam texts mention three chiefs Chola, Chera, and Pandya. each of them had two strongholds both in the interior as …

Introduction Stonemasonry was introduced on a large scale by the Mauryans. Ashoka’s contribution to Indian art was a number of monolithic pillars which bore his inscriptions which have been found in widely separated parts of the subcontinent. The Sarnath pillar …

Introduction The Foundation of the Mauryan Empire opened a new era in the history of India. Kautilya’s Arthashastra gave a glimpse of this period. Megasthenes was a noble in the court of Selekus Nikator, a general appointed by Alexander to govern his conquered …

Introduction The Brahmanas and Upanishads composed 800 years ago refer to the Janapada and Mahajanpadas and provide us an insight into the settlement of agricultural communities. Another source is the texts composed by Buddhists. Vinay Pitaka deals with the rules …

Chalcolithic settlements This was a transition phase when both copper or bronze and stone statues were used. Chalcolithic cultures existed from Chota Nagpur to the Upper Gangetic basin. But bronze tools were almost absent while the same had been responsible …

Introduction Named after Harappa the first site where the unique urban culture was discovered, a civilization existed that is dated between 2600 – 1900 BC. There were earlier and later cultures known as Early Harappa and Late Harappa in the …

Introduction Indian history is divided into the following phases: Old Stone Age [Paleolithic] Middle stone age [Mesolithic] New stone age [Neolithic] and Metal age. The dates of these periods are overlapping. They are arrived at by using scientific calculations like carbon …

Introduction The Indian subcontinent has three main reasons: Himalayas Mountains, the southern peninsula, and Indo – The Gangetic plains. Regional differences and related separate identities greatly fostered by geography have stood in the way of the rise of durable pan …