Introduction While submitting the Draft Constitution, Dr. Ambedkar, the Chairman of the Drafting Committee, stated that “although its Constitution may be federal in structure”, the Committee had used the term “Union” because of certain advantages, These advantages, he explained to …

Nature of the amending process THE nature of the amending process envisaged by the makers of our Constitution can be best explained by referring to the observation of Pandit Nehru (quoted under ‘Reconciliation of a written Constitution with Parliamentary Sovereignty), …

Introduction These were added by the 42nd amendment in 1976. The list was created on the recommendation of the Swaran Singh Committee. They are influenced by the USSR constitution. None of the democratic countries except Japan have fundamental duties as …

Introduction PART IV of the Constitution (Arts. 36-51) contains the Directive Principles of State Policy. They are of the following classes : Certain ideas, particularly economic, which, according to the framers of the Constitution, the States should strive for. Certain …

Individual Rights and Fundamental Rights The Constitution of England is unwritten. Hence, there is, in England, no code of Fundamental Rights as exists in the Constitution of the United States or in other written Constitutions of the world. This does …

The population of a State is divided into two classes – citizens and aliens. While citizens enjoy full civil and political Citizenship rights, aliens do not enjoy all of them. Citizens are members of the political community to which they belong. …

Introduction In 1950, there was a fourfold classification of states: Part A, B, C, and D. In 1948 there was a demand for a linguistic basis to create states, particularly from south India. Commissions The Dhar commission appointed to study this …

Territory of India As has been already stated, the political structure prescribed by the Constitution is a federal Union. The name of the Union is India or Bharat [Art. 1(1)] The expression ‘Union of India’ should be distinguished from the …

Introduction It shows the general purpose behind the provisions of the constitutions. However, it is non-justifiable and non-enforceable by courts. It is derived from the Objectives Resolution proposed by Jawaharlal Nehru in the constituent assembly. It has amended once by …

OUTSTANDING FEATURES OF OUR CONSTITUTION his extraordinary bulk of the Constitution is due to several reasons The framers sought to incorporate the accumulated experience gathered from the working of all the known Constitutions and to avoid defects and loopholes that …

EVERY Constitution has a philosopHy of its own. For the philosophy underlying our Constitution, we must look back to the historic Objectives Resolution of Pandit Nehru which was adopted by the Constituent Assembly on January 22, 1947, and which inspired the …

Introduction The demand that India’s political destiny should be determined by the Indians themselves had been put forward by Mahatma Gandhi as early as 1922 “Swara] will not be a free gift of the British Parliament; it will be a …

The very fact that the Constitution of the Indian Republic is the product not of a political revolution but of the research and deliberations of a body of eminent representatives of the people who sought to improve upon the existing …