EVOLUTION OF INDUSTRIES Industrial development is considered one of the important indicators of socioeconomic and human development. Before the rise of modern industries, India was known all over the world for its cottage and household industries. Indian muslin, silk goods, …

Mineral Belts of India The Chotanagpur Belt: This region contains almost 100% of kyanite reserves, 93% of iron ore, 84% coal, and 70% of chromite of the country. The Midland Belt: This belt sprawls over the states of Chhattisgarh, Madhya …

Introduction India accounts for 17% of the World’s Cattle population.. 64% of the buffalo population and 4% of the rate of increase in milk. The per capita availability of milk is 281 gm/day. The world average is 284 gm/day. Rise …

Introduction The net sown area is 141 million hectares. Per capita land holdings – 2 ha. World average – 2 ha. British-era land revenue system led to fragmented holdings, Zamindari systems, domination of moneylenders, large landholdings, and landless laborers were …

Introduction Agriculture + fisheries + livestock + forests contribute 13.9% to India’s GDP. India’s 51% population dependent on these activities. Green Revolution in India Green Revolution is a term coined to describe the emergence and diffusion of new seeds of …

Introduction Soils with different layers have different physical and chemical properties. The topmost layer is humus or organic matter, topsoil followed by a transition zone, subsoil, weathered rock material and parent rock. In soil erosion topsoil is lost. Subsoil can’t …

Introduction Rain, rivers, lakes, and ponds are important sources of water in India. India receives 2nd highest rainfall for a country of its size. 1st is Brazil. Water availability is 2000 cum/person/year and by 2050 it will be 3500 cum/person/year but …

Introduction Tropical Evergreen: They are located in North-East India, parts of Western Ghats, the Andaman and Nicobar, upper Assam, lower slopes of Eastern Himalayas, Odisha, along the foot-hills of Himalayas, Bhabhar and Tarai regions. The forests are dense; composed of …

Introduction SEASONS IN INDIA Winter season, mid-December to mid-March Hot weather season, mid-March to May. The rainy season, June to September Season of retreating monsoon, October to mid-December. There are three seasons in India: summer, winter, and monsoon. The climate …

Introduction THE DRAINAGE SYSTEM The drainage system is an integrated system of tributaries and a trunk stream that collects and funnel surface water to the sea, lake, or some other body of water. The total area that contributes water to …

Introduction Indias latitudinal and longitudinal extent is 30°. North-South distance is 3214 km and the east-west distance is 2933 km. North lies in subtropical and warm temperate regions and south lies in the tropics. It is the 7th largest country …

Introduction Theories related to the origin of the Earth have put forth various intuitions such as one that said the earth originated from the sun. It was earlier a hot gaseous mass which on cooling first turned into a liquid …

Introduction Equatorial Region: Between 5 and 10 ° North and South of the equator. The temperature is uniform throughout the year with no variations. Cloudiness and heavy precipitation make the climate bearable. The annual range of temperature is small and …

Introduction Weather v. Climate Weather changes frequently but Climate is the average atmospheric conditions of an area over a considerable time. The climate of temperate latitudes is far more variable than the tropics. Points to remember about the Weather effects …

Introduction Types of clouds: High clouds: Cirrus: indicate fair weather and a good sunset. Look fibrous or wispy. Cirrocumulus: Appear like a white globular mass. Cirrostratus: resemble a thin white sheet or veil. Medium clouds: Altocumulus: indicate fair weather. Altostratus; …

Introduction During the early life of the earth, there was an abundance of hydrogen and helium. Extensive volcanism increased nitrogen, sulfur, water vapor, argon, and carbon dioxide. Then heavy rains pushed the bulk of CO2 into the oceans. Currently, the …