Introduction

India accounts for 17% of the World’s Cattle population.. 64% of the buffalo population and 4% of the rate of increase in milk. The per capita availability of milk is 281 gm/day. The world average is 284 gm/day.

Rise of Amul

Amul
It started as a cooperative due to the effort of Sardar Patel in Kheda. Dr. Vergese Kurien led the cooperative during the white revolution from 1950 to 1973. Amul became the first to make cheese and baby products from buffalo milk.

National dairy development board
It was founded in 1964 by Lal Bahadur Shastri with Vergese Kurien as its chairman and HQ at Anand. The NDDB launched Operation Flood to replicate Anand pattern in other parts of India. This made India the leading producer of milk in the world.

Operation Flood

• Phase 1: Mother dairies in four metros where production, collection, and marketing from rural areas to metros.
  
• Phase 2: Thousands of sheds and outlets by milk cooperatives covered. Vaccination developed for animal health.
  
• Phase 3: Increase infrastructure for procurement. R&D in animal health and nutrition. Feed, veterinary service, artificial insemination, and dairy education for union members.

 Outcomes:

1.  Increased milk production and increased rural incomes of small and marginal farmers.
2.  Women empowerment as NDDB with SEWA established 6000 dairy cooperatives run by women.
3.  NDDB developed indigenous expertise in the fields of animal nutrition, health, dairy engineering, food technology, and artificial insemination.

NATIONAL LIVESTOCK MISSION

To meet the needs of fodder and feedstock for animal nutrition. The ministry of agriculture launched this in 2014-15.

Feed security bill:

1. Milk pricing policy and milk credit cards at minimum interest rates.
2. Gobar bank
3. Marketing for cow products.
4. Collection center for cow urine to enhance farmer income.

      Veterinary issues:

1.  Shortage of veterinary colleges and institutes.
2.  The poor condition of semen banks
3.  Need for universal vaccination for cattle.

Indigenous breeds are facing the threat of extinction. Currently, 83% of the cow population is indigenous but this had declined by 8% since 2007. This is due to cross-breeding, farm mechanization, cultivation of cash crops, and decline of grazing areas.

The Indian breeds are better as they are suitable for arid conditions, drought-related work, tolerant to diseases, can be fed agricultural wastes and though milk yield is less nutrition quality is better.

Schemes for protecting indigenous breeds: Ministry of Agriculture

1.  Rashtriya Kamdhenu Breeding Centers

•  Center for certified genetics and repository of germplasm.
•  One each in the north and south India.

2. Rashtriya Gokul mission

•  Conserve Indian breeds in a scientific manner.
•  Enhancing the productivity of Indians breeds and upgrading germplasm.

Indian Fishery:

1. The Marine fishery of India is lagging as the Indian ocean is the least explored of all oceans for the fishery. 75% of marine fishery comes from the west coast. [Gujarat > Kerela > Maharashtra]
2. India’s offshore fishery is bad due to poverty among the fishing community. Low use of technology and poor infrastructure for storage and packaging. In addition, monsoons and cyclones hinder fishing.
3. Inland fishery production is more than marine also the growth rate is higher [WB > Gujarat > Kerela > Andhra > Maharashtra]. Reasons are the large delta of Ganga and high demand, extensive lakes and lagoons, and the strong cooperative movement.
4. India is the second-largest inland fish producer and the seventh-largest in terms of marine fish production. OverallIndia is the second-largest fish producer.

Blue revolution in 5th FYP in 1970

The development of a fish breeding development agency for brackish water was created. The goal was to develop new techniques for fish breeding, cultivation, export, and marketing.

This led to increasing in shrimp production. Nellore, AP became the shrimp capital of the world.

Potential:

1. Breeding of high-value finfish or shellfisheries
2. Ornamental fishery
3. Development of organic aquaculture, water recirculating units, and technology for inland saline areas.

Modernization:

1. Mechanization

• Finance
• Information awareness

2. Trade

• H.A.C.C.P and codex norms to be followed.
• Packaging and cold storage infrastructure development

3. Quality control

• Hygiene at ports.
• Sustainable practices.
• Ban on fishing during breeding seasons, not using fine size nets.