Waves: Wind pushes the water body. Then gravity pushes the crest downwards and falling water pulls the troughs upwards. The actual motion of water below the surface is circular. Ocean Currents: They are shallow and narrow streams of water circulating along …

Introduction Islands A piece of land surrounded by water on all sides. Generally formed of the following types: Continental islands: These islands were formally a part of the mainland and are now detached from the continent by a shallow lagoon or …

Introduction Ocean crust isn’t uniform or flat. It has higher diversity than the continental crust.  It is highly dense, thick crust, and basaltic. Oceanic crust is created at the mid-ocean ridge and destroyed at the Trench. The ocean floor is divided into …

Earthquakes Sudden movement or vibration in Earth’s crusts. It is due to the release of energy and active internal dynamism of the earth. Types: Shallow focus Intermediate focus Deep focus Shallow focuses are the most destructive. Reasons: Collision of plate …

Introduction The major types of natural calamities are Volcanoes Earthquakes Tsunami Volcanoes: Volcanism and the causes of volcanism aren’t random. The areas of high volcanic activity are of the ocean – ocean convergence and ocean-continent convergence. One of the regions …

Introduction Landforms on the earth are: Mountains Plateaus Plains Types of Landforms Mountains They are of two types: Block Mountains and Fold mountains. Mountain Building Process: Pull of descending limb of the convection current. The compressive force is exerted by …