Mollusks, or molluscs, are a diverse group of invertebrate animals belonging to the phylum Mollusca. They are found in marine, freshwater, and

Being warm-blooded, or endothermic, offers several advantages for animals compared to being cold-blooded, or ectothermic. Endothermic animals are capable of regulating their

Sensations refer to the experiences and perceptions that arise when sensory receptors in the body detect stimuli from the environment and transmit

The regulation of body temperature is primarily controlled by a region in the brain called the hypothalamus, which acts as the body’s

The cochlea is a spiral-shaped, fluid-filled structure located in the inner ear and is essential for the sense of hearing. It plays

The ear is a complex organ responsible for the detection, transmission, and processing of sound waves, as well as for maintaining balance

The focusing mechanism of the eye refers to the process by which the eye adjusts its optical power to maintain clear vision

The pupil reflex, also known as the pupillary light reflex, is a physiological response of the pupil to changes in light intensity.

The retina is a layer of tissue located at the back of the eye that contains photoreceptor cells responsible for sensing light

The human brain is an incredibly complex organ responsible for a wide range of functions essential for survival, behavior, cognition, and consciousness.

The brain is a complex organ composed of several interconnected structures, each with distinct functions. While the brain can be divided into

Dialysis is a medical treatment used to artificially remove waste products and excess fluids from the blood when the kidneys are unable

The kidneys are vital organs responsible for maintaining the body’s internal environment by regulating fluid balance, electrolyte levels, and waste elimination. They

Bile, often referred to simply as bile, is a greenish-yellow fluid produced by the liver and stored and concentrated in the gallbladder.

The liver is a large, vital organ located in the upper right quadrant of the abdomen, beneath the diaphragm and adjacent to

The stomach is a muscular organ located in the upper abdomen, between the esophagus and the small intestine. It plays a key

The digestive system is a complex network of organs and tissues responsible for breaking down food into nutrients, absorbing those nutrients into