Introduction The British had refused to offer any concessions to the Indians. Gandhiji and Nehru the two leaders who had steadfastly refused to launch any mass movement as it would have affected the right of those who were fighting the …

Introduction With the growth of left-wing influence and militancy within the nationalist ranks, the stage was set for another round of nationalist mass movements but at this time there was a crisis at the top level. Rise of Subhash Chandra …

Introduction Till 1937 the communalists were liberal i.e. though they wanted safeguards for their religion they believed in a united country. But after 1937 it all changed extreme communalism which recognized that communities can’t live together had started. This form …

Introduction Communalism moves in three main stages: one is people following the same religion have the same social, political, and economic interests. The second notion is that in a multi-religious society the interests of one religion are different from the …

Introduction Capitalists were of the following categories one that remained neutral or pro-British, one that gave financial support to the congress, one that came out in active support of the movement occasionally, and the last group that completely identified with …

Introduction The Justice party represented the non-Brahmin movement in the south and engineered a revolution against Brahmin domination in education and public services. The reasons for the anti-Brahmin feeling were due to their domination everywhere including the madras legislative council. …

https://www.theknowledgelibrary.in/ The major social reform legislation after widow remarriage was the Age of Consent Act of 1891. Malabari‘s wide-ranging proposals directed against child marriage provoked massive opposition, particularly in Bengal and Maharashtra. Frankly conservative and obscurantist sentiments mingled here with …

Introduction The great depression had affected the price of the product which was reduced by nearly 50% but other factors like taxes and rent were still the same. This caused a lot of stress on the farmer. The civil disobedience …

Introduction The Congress won a majority in six provinces and formed coalitions in 2 more. The aim was to bring reform in legislature and administration and continue the Gandhian strategy of Struggle – Truce – Struggle. Although the ministries had …

Introduction The communal award was given by British PM Ramsey McDonald. Under this, the Christians, Muslims, Sikhs, and even depressed classes would get separate electorates. Although Congress was against separate electorates as they divided the community it decided to remain …

Introduction Background of the Civil disobedience movement Jawaharlal Nehru, who had done more than anyone else to popularise the concept of purna swaraj, was nominated the president for the Lahore session of the Congress (December 1929) mainly due to Gandhi’s …

Introduction The Government of India Act 1919 made a provision for a review committee on its working after 10 years. However, the conservative government was staring at defeat and it felt that this constitutional question couldn’t be left in the …

Introduction As discussed the revolution of the bomb was just during the end of the Bengal partition movement. Such groups were suppressed during the world war but under the amnesty scheme were released. They actively participated in the non-cooperation movement …

Introduction The withdrawal of non-cooperation and the subsequent arrest and imprisonment of Gandhiji led to stagnation in the congress. Here a new line of political activity emerged to continue the spirit of resistance this was suggested by CR “Deshbandhu” Das and …

Introduction Akali movement in Punjab was a religious issue but ended up being an important part of the freedom struggle. Gurudwara Problems Gurudwara’s were under the control of the corrupt mahants. They treated temple donations as personal property and lived …

Introduction Before the 20th century, the working class struggles were limited to a few cities and only to meet the immediate economic grievances. They were sporadic and local. The early nationalist used to fight for the rights of European employed workers …

Introduction The start of the 1920s disillusioned many Indians due to the violent events like martial law in Punjab, the Jallianwala Bag massacre by the general dyer, and the Rowlett bills. The Indian Muslims too were affected as the British …

Initial years The story of MK Gandhi started in 1893 when a 25 yr old barrister began a struggle of Indians against racial discrimination. 1890 was a period when Indian labor in South Africa started. The laborers were called to …