The dilemma in Punjab during the partition There were some notable similarities between Bengal and Punjab, the two provinces central to the events of 1946–7. Both had Muslim majorities and thus were claimed for Pakistan. But both also contained many …

Introduction to State Politics The Congress government was present in the Center as well as States for many elections after 1947. The Hegemony should have meant better coordination between the center and states. However, it meant that the governmental policies …

The end of the Cold War and the disintegration of the Soviet Union meant that the US would now emerge as the sole superpower. India had established a commitment to Liberalization, Privatization, and Globalization. Though Indo – Soviet friendship was …

The years after the Bangladesh crisis was good for Indira and the Congress. In the state elections of 1972, Indira and the congress won the majority at the state assemblies. Now she was in control over the Center, State, and …

Naxalbari Movement CPI was split and now never splinter groups were formed from it like the C.P.M under Jyoti Basu. It formed the West Bengal government. However, a few young radical cadres weren’t satisfied with this development. They felt Indian …

Socialist Party This party was one of the most promising ones and would have emerged as a suitable alternative to congress. Socialists were a part of the congress but in 1948 as Sardar Patel suggested having organizational cohesion by enforcing …

Nehruji had a multi-faceted personality. He had a wide range of interests and had qualities like rationality, humanity, respect for individuals, independence of spirit, and secular. He wanted to inculcate these qualities in co-workers as well as people. Nationalism is …

Introduction Independent India saw a plethora of problems that had to be dealt with. The short-term problems were the refugee crisis, prevention of war, and rehabilitation of refugees. The refugee crisis in East Bengal was worse than in the Northwest …

Introduction India had inherited its economic and administrative structures from the colonial and pre-colonial era but the well-defined and comprehensive ideology that inspired it in nation-building came from the national movement. This vision incorporated various political trends both left and …

Introduction After 1947 a new era had dawned for India. Colonial rule was over and now a journey towards overcoming the colonial legacy of poverty, illiteracy, social inequality, injustice, and economic underdevelopment. The task of nation-building was taken by the …

History of Education in India The British also came with the belief that they had a duty to civilize the natives. The White man’s burden was an important reason for colonizing India. The Indian Education journey started with William Jones a …

History The printing press came to India from the Portuguese missionaries. However, it was the East India Company that imported presses in the 17th century that boosted the press. English censorship was directed toward Englishmen and Lord Wellesley curtailed freedom of …

World History Industrial Revolution was the beginning of a period in which many improvements and inventions were brought by men who neither were educated in sciences nor wealthy but these inventions changed the way production of goods was made in …

Introduction The British conquered Bengal first and then they reordered its rural society and established a regime of land rights and revenue system. The first revenue collection system was introduced in Bengal and Bihar. It was known as the Permanent settlement …

Introduction Al Biruni wrote Kitab ul Hind an account of his travels, He was a Uzbekistani who was captured by Sultan Ghazni and brought to his kingdom. This is where he developed his affection for India. Another traveler Ibn Batuta, …

Introduction Ideas about the ancient culture of the Indus Valley Civilization or Harappan age comes from studying the archaeological artifacts found in a particular area at a period of time. The Harappan age is called the Mature Harappan Age as …

Introduction The Second World War ended and the conflict weary society believed that peace was achieved and would remain for a long time. However, this wasn’t to be. The Soviet Union became the only country to profess Socialism. The economic …

Introduction The Imperialist countries like England and France had followed a policy of non-intervention, and appeasement towards the fascist aggressions of Germany and Italy. They believed that diverting the aggression toward communist and socialist countries like USSR, China would be …