Importance of Development Administration It is administering and organizing public agencies such as to stimulate and facilitate defined programs of social, and economic progress with the purpose to make change attractive and possible. It is an open system where links …
Introduction to Riggsian theory Every culture offers support and obstacles to change and development. Riggs wanted to demonstrate how external conditions influence administrative systems. Three Tools: Ecological approach Structural – Functional Ideal models. Ecological Approach: Administration is one subsystem of …
Importance of Comparative Public Administration [CPA] Study of public administration on a comparative basis. Explain factors responsible for cross-national or cultural differences in bureaucratic behavior. Study of public administration by making rigorous cross-cultural comparisons of the structures and processes involved …
Importance of Public Administration Scientific and technological development has led to “big governments” which implies a vast increase in the scope of the activities of public administration. The industrial revolution has given rise to socio-economic problems forcing governments to take …
Nature of Public Administration There are two types of natures of public administration: Integral: All activities needed to achieve an objective like technical, managerial, manual, and clerical. Administration differs from one sphere to another depending on the subject matter of concerned …
Thoughts of various eminent academicians on Administration Gladden: “To care for and look after people and to manage affairs. Its determined action to pursue a conscious purpose”. Ngro: “Organization and use of men, money and material to achieve a purpose”. …
Introduction The moon completes one rotation around its axis in 29 days and the same time it takes to complete one revolution around the earth. Hence, we never see the other side of the moon. The Pole star doesn’t move …
Introduction Surface tension explains why Bubbles are spherical. Water doesn’t spread on some surfaces but forms droplets. Oil and water don’t mix; water wets us but not ducks. Hairs of brush stick together when removed out of water. Raindrops are …
Introduction Threshing: Beating stalks to free grains Winnowing: Separate lighter and heavier components of a mixture by blowing air. Sieving: Separate components of different sizes by the filter. Sedimentation: Heavier component in a mixture settles after water is added. …
Introduction What is Sound? Sound is produced by vibrating objects. Vibrations cause compressions [high pressure] and rarefactions [low pressure]. Sound waves travel through a medium like this. Sound waves are longitudinal i.e. individual particles of a medium move in a …
Introduction This is either contact [friction, muscular] or non-contact [magnetic, electrostatic, gravitational, pressure] Pressure Pressure is inversely related to the area. So smaller the area, the larger the pressure for the same force. Pressure and its real applications E.g. Nail …
Introduction When a solid is heated the kinetic energy of the molecules is increased and it overcomes the force of attraction of molecules and the solid melts. When a solid melts the temperature doesn’t increase, the heat energy is used …
Introduction Acid [pH <7] – Sour, Base [14 > pH > 7] – bitter and soapy to touch. Water soluble base –alkali. Turmeric, litmus [obtained from lichens], and China rose are some natural indicators of the acid, base. Vanilla, onions, …
Introduction All magnets have two poles, a north-seeking end of the North Pole and a south-seeking end or the South Pole. Magnetic – Materials attracted towards a magnet [iron, nickel, cobalt] Non-magnetic – Materials that are not attracted towards a magnet. A …
Conductors and Insulators Conductors –allow electricity to pass through them. Due to free electrons present on their surface. [Metals, Human body] Insulators – Don’t allow electricity to pass through them. [Air] Pure water doesn’t conduct electricity. Most of the acids, bases, and …
Introduction Light is made of seven colors. Violet [lowest wavelength] bends most when passing through a prism and red [highest wavelength] least. This phenomenon is called dispersion. It is a transverse wave, not a mechanical wave. The Law of reflection says …
Climate Air moves from a region of high air pressure to low air pressure. Air when heated rises as it becomes lighter. Air expands on heating. Thunderstorms develop in hot, humid tropical areas like India very frequently. The rising temperatures …
Laws of Motion Newton’s laws of motion First law [law of inertia]: An object remains in the state of rest or uniform motion till a force compels it to change that state. The tendency of objects to stay at rest …