Grand Canyon, Arizona. Plateaus are raised sections of land, upwelled by natural forces and further modified by rain and wind through erosion. Known to produce holes in the lithosphere and create volcanoes, magma also raises the ground and forms plateaus. …
The Spanish Empire, controlled by the Kingdom of Spain, endured from the 15th century all the way into the 20th century. At its height, it controlled territory on five of the world’s continents, including large parts of Europe, the Americas, and the Caribbean, along with smaller possessions in Asia and Africa. …
The Umayyad Caliphate was an Islamic Empire that ruled North Africa, the Middle East, and even significant parts of Europe and the Indian Subcontinent for nearly a century, between 661 CE and 750 CE. It was named for its ruling family, the Ummayads, who were named after their …
The Russian Emire was a vast empire that once spanned large parts of Europe and Asia. It began in the 13th century as the small principality of Moscow, located on the site of the present-day Russian capital. Over the next three centuries, …
The Aztec Empire was one of the great pre-Columbian civilizations in the Americas. It began in the early 13th century, when a group of semi-nomadic people migrated from present-day northern Mexico to the center of Mesoamerica, where they established a new home. These …
The British Empire was the largest empire in human history. It consisted of the colonial possessions of what is now the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The UK’s imperial expansion began in the early 17th century. People used to say, “The sun never sets …
The Gulf Stream is a warm and relatively fast-moving current in the Atlantic Ocean that starts at the tip of Florida. It transports warm water in a clockwise motion up from the Gulf of Mexico, along part of the east coast of North America, …
The Mongol Empire was the most extensive, contiguous empire in human history. At its height, it controlled most of Asia and a large part of Europe. The empire began in the early 13th century when Genghis Khan united the nomadic …
The Earth is the third closest planet to the Sun and the fifth largest planet in the solar system. It is also the only planet in the universe known to have favorable conditions required to support life. The Earth covers …
The Antarctic (left) and Arctic (right) regions like on opposite poles of the Earth. The Arctic is the northernmost region of the Earth that features a large ocean covered by a thin layer of perennial sea ice and is almost entirely surrounded …
Babylon was an ancient city situated on the banks of the Euphrates River in what is now Iraq. At first, it was just a lowly riverside town, but it would later become the seat of a vast empire twice in its history. …
What is The Biosphere? Also referred to as the “Ecosphere,” the biosphere is a relatively thin zone of the Earth’s surface that supports life. The word “biosphere” was initially used in 1875 by the Austrian geologist Eduard Suess to refer to the region of the Earth …
The Ancient Persians (modern Iran) are more familiar to us than the other empire builders of Mesopotamia or the Ancient Near East, the Sumerians, Babylonians, and Assyrians, not only because the Persians were more recent, but because they were amply described by …
Although many cities have their origins in early modern times, quite a few trace their history back to antiquity. Here are the ancient roots of five of the world’s most famous metropolises. Paris A map of Gaul around 400 A.D. …
While the definition of “ancient” is subject to interpretation, there are some criteria that may be used when discussing ancient history, a period of time distinct from prehistory and late antiquity or medieval history. Prehistory: The period of human …
The Euphrates River Mesopotamia was the area between the two rivers, the Tigris and the Euphrates. The Euphrates is described as the southernmost of the two rivers but also appears on maps to the west of the Tigris. It starts in eastern …
The Great Greek Heroes of Mythology “The Triumph of Achilles”. Heroes in Greek legends usually performed dangerous feats, killed villains and monsters, and won the hearts of local maidens. They may also have been guilty of numerous acts of murder, rape, …
Aeschylus Aeschylus (c. 525–456 BCE) was the first great tragic poet. He introduced dialogue, the characteristic tragic boot (cothurnus) and mask. He established other conventions, like the performance of violent acts offstage. Before he became a tragic poet, Aeschylus, who …