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Environment, Ecology & Biodiversity

1.The Chimmini Wildlife Sanctuary (CWS) is located in which state?

[A] Uttrakhand
[B] Chhattisgarh
[C] Himachal Pradesh
[D] Kerala

 

Correct Answer: D [Kerala]

Notes:
The Chimmini Wildlife Sanctuary (CWS) is located along the Western Ghats in Mukundapuram taluk of Thrissur District of Kerala. The sanctuary is an important bird area with 192 recorded avian species such as grey-headed bulbul, Indian rufous babbler, white-bellied blue-flycatcher, Ceylon frogmouth, Indian edible-nest swiftlet, Malabar trogon and Loten’s sunbird. The sanctuary also offers trekking paths for the adventure traveller.

2.The Nokrek National Park (NNS) is located in which state?

[A] Arunachal Pradesh
[B] Meghalaya
[C] Jammu & Kashmir
[D] Sikkim

 

Correct Answer: B [Meghalaya ]

Notes:
The Nokrek National Park (NNS) is located in West Garo Hills district of Meghalaya and covers an area of 47.48 square kilometres. It is an important habitat of the Asian elephants and is also an important bird area. In 2009, UNESCO added this National park to its list of Biosphere Reserves. It is noted for its wild varieties of citrus fruits that provide a gene-pool for commercially produced citrus.

3.What is the another name of Earth Summit?

[A] Geneva Summit
[B] Brasilia Summit
[C] Rio Summit
[D] World Summit

 

Correct Answer: C [Rio Summit]

Notes:
The United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) is also known as the Rio Summit, which was held in Rio de Janeiro in 1992. After its creation, others including NGOs in the field of sustainability showed a similar development regarding the issues discussed in these conferences.

4.The most common use of the plant “Dhaincha” or Sesbania bispinosa is in which among the following?

[A] Green Petrol
[B] Green Manure
[C] Medicine
[D] Ornamental Plant

 

Correct Answer: B [Green Manure]

Notes:
Dhaincha is a type of green manure. Other important green manure crops are sunnhemp, pillipesara, clusterbeans and Sesbania rostrata.

5.With reference to Disaster Management in India, consider the following statements:

1. While the National Disaster Management Authority is headed by President, State Disaster Management Authority is headed by Governor
2. While the National Disaster Response Fund is at the disposal of the President, State Disaster Response Fund is at the disposal of the Governor

Which among the above is / are correct statements?

[A] Only 1
[B] Only 2
[C] Both 1 & 2
[D] Neither 1 nor 2

 

Correct Answer: D [Neither 1 nor 2]

Notes:
Prime Minister is the chairman of National Disaster Management Authority, while the Chief Minister is the Chairman of State Disaster Management Authority. Second statement is also not correct. The National fund is at the disposal of a high level committee of the Union Ministry (which includes Finance, Home and Agriculture Ministers). Similarly, state fund is at disposal of the state executive.

6.Crop Rotation is an important method for checking soil erosion and maintaining productivity of soil. Which among the following is / are other advantages of Crop rotation:

1. It controls the recurrence of weeds and disease
2. It increases water holding capacity of the soil
3. It enhances soil fertility & soil resilience
4. It reduces farm inputs and production costs

Select the correct option from the codes given below:

[A] Only 1 & 2
[B] Only 1, 2 & 3
[C] Only 2, 3 & 4
[D] 1, 2, 3 & 4

 

Correct Answer: D [ 1, 2, 3 & 4]

Notes:
Kindly note that statement 4 is ambiguous and may or may not be correct in all situations. Crop rotation sometimes increases farm inputs as well as production costs. However, if such a question appears in real exam, we have to weigh the pros and cons in the light of common understanding only.

7.In comparison to Land exploration, the Offshore oil & gas exploration is __:

1. Environmentally friendly
2. Cheaper
3. Easier

Select the correct option from the codes given below:

[A] Only 1
[B] Only 2
[C] Only 2 & 3
[D] None of them

 

Correct Answer: D [ None of them]

Notes:
Offshore drilling to produce hydrocarbons has become popular because Land oil has already been exploited in most places. Offshore oil and gas production is more challenging than land-based installations due to the remote and harsher environment. Much of the innovation in the offshore petroleum sector concerns overcoming these challenges, including the need to provide very large production facilities.

8.Apart from elephants, you can find tusks in which of the following animals?

1. Walrus
2. Sperm Whale
3. Boar
4. Ganges river dolphin
5. Hippopotamus

Select the correct option from the codes given below:

[A] 1, 2, 3 & 5
[B] 1, 3, 4 & 5
[C] 1, 3, 5
[D] 1, 2, 3, 4 & 5

 

Correct Answer: A [ 1, 2, 3 & 5 ]

Notes:
Tusks are found in tusks of elephants and teeth of mammals such as the hippopotamus, walrus, boar, sperm and killer whale. It gets strength and rigidity from inorganic components called mineralized tissues. The organic element, collagen, helps in the growth and repair of ivory, which has no blood vessels, is porous and absorbs and releases moisture.

9.National Green Tribunal (NGT) has been frequently making news in recent times. Which among the following is / are features of NGT?

1. A decision by NGT is equivalent to a decree of a civil court
2. A decision by NGT is subject to judicial review by Supreme Court

Which among the above statements is / are correct?

[A] Only 1
[B] Only 2
[C] Both 1 & 2
[D] Neither 1 nor 2

 

Correct Answer: C [ Both 1 & 2]

Notes:
NGT has Original as well as Appellate jurisdiction on over all civil cases where a substantial dispute is related to the matters that are connected to Water Pollution, Forest Conservation, Air Pollution, Environment Protection and Biological Diversity. These disputes may be related to any of the following acts:

1. The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974;
2. The Water (Prevention and Control o[Pollution) Cess Act, 1977;
3. The Forest (Conservation) Act
4. The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981;
5. The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986;
6. The Public Liability Insurance Act, 1991;
7. The Biological Diversity Act, 2002.

Powers: The Tribunal has power to provide

1. Relief and compensation to the victims of pollution and other environmental damage
2. Restitution of property damaged;
3. Restitution of the environment for such area or areas, as the Tribunal may think fit.

10.In context of ‘Kyoto protocol’, which of the following gas (es) is/are characterised as principal greenhouse gas (es)?
1. Carbon dioxide (Co2)
2. Carbon Monoxide (Co)
3. Ozone (o3)
4. Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)
5. Perfluorocarbons (PFCs)
6. Sulphur hexafluoride (SF6)
Select the correct option from codes given below:

[A] 1,2,3 and 6 Only
[B] 1,4,5 and 6 Only
[C] 1,2,4 and 6 Only
[D] 1,2,3,4,5 and 6 Only

 

Correct Answer: B [ 1,4,5 and 6 Only]

Notes:
The targets for the first commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol cover emissions of the six main greenhouse gases, namely:
• Carbon dioxide (CO2);
• Methane (CH4);
• Nitrous oxide (N2O);
• Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs);
• Perfluorocarbons (PFCs); and
• Sulphur hexafluoride (SF6)

11.Consider the following pairs of Bird Sanctuary and the location state:
1. Okhla  – Gujarat
2. Ranganathittu – Karnataka
3. Salim Ali – Goa
Which of the above pairs is/are correctly matched?

[A] 3 Only
[B] 1 and 2 Only
[C] 2 and 3 Only
[D] 1,2 and 3

 

Correct Answer: C [ 2 and 3 Only]

Notes:
Okhla Bird Sanctuary is in Uttar Pradesh.

12.Consider the following statements regarding Neem Coated Urea:

1. It gives higher crop yields
2. Reduces underground water contamination
3. Suitable for industrial uses

Select the correct answer from the codes given below:

[A] Only 1
[B] Only 2
[C] Only 1 & 2
[D] 1, 2 & 3

 

Correct Answer: C [ Only 1 & 2]

Notes:
Neem coated urea is required less in quantity with same plot size and gives higher crop yields. Underground water contamination due to leaching of urea also gets reduced with neem coating since nitrogen in the neem coated urea gets released to plants very slowly. Neem coated urea is not fit for industrial use.

13.Which of the following statements is/are incorrect?

1. Energy flow in an ecosystem is Multidirectional
2. Primary consumers can be carnivores
3. Seed banks are examples of ex-situ conservation
4. A food chain always begins with heterotrophic consumer

Select the correct option from codes given below:

[A] 3 Only
[B] 3 & 4 Only
[C] 1, 2 & 4 Only
[D] 1, 2, 3 & 4

 

Correct Answer: C [ 1, 2 & 4 Only]

Notes:
Third statement is correct. Other three statements are incorrect. A food chain always begins with photosynthetic autotrophs and Energy flow in an ecosystem is unidirectional.Primary consumers are herbivores.

14.A large part of global greenhouse gas emissions are attributed to the methane gas production in farming and livestock management. Which among the following practices in agriculture lead to methane emission?
1. Composting of organic waste
2. Open burning of crop residues on fields
3. Addition of Urea and Lime in soil
4. Rice / Paddy cultivation
Select the correct option from the codes given below:

[A] Only 1, 2 & 3
[B] Only 2, 3 & 4
[C] Only 1, 2 & 4
[D] 1, 2, 3 & 4

 

Correct Answer: C [ Only 1, 2 & 4]

Notes:

15.The range of phenotypic modifications produced by one genotype within the limits of the habitat under which the genotype is found in nature is called _?

[A] Ecophene
[B] Ecad
[C] Ecotype
[D] Ecotone

 

Correct Answer: A [ Ecophene ]

Notes:
The range of phenotypic modifications produced by one genotype within the limits of the habitat under which the genotype is found in nature is called ecophene.

16.Consider the following statements about the Swachh Bharat Mission-Gramin:

1. The programme is being implemented by the Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation
2. National Resource Centre (NRC) is acting as a technical assistance unit to the mission

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

[A] 1 Only
[B] 2 Only
[C] Both 1 & 2
[D] Neither 1 nor 2

 

Correct Answer: C [ Both 1 & 2]

Notes:
Both are correct statements

17.Which of the following statements is correct about the Geneva protocol?

[A] It prohibits the use of chemical and biological weapons in international armed conflict
[B] It aims for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works
[C] It is an international agreement that provides for the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal
[D] It aims to gradually reduce and prevent air pollution, including long-range transboundary air pollution

 

Correct Answer: A [ It prohibits the use of chemical and biological weapons in international armed conflict ]

Notes:
First statement is the correct answer. Geneva protocol is an international treaty that prohibits the use of chemical and biological weapons in international armed conflicts. The treaty was signed on 17 June 1925 and entered into force on 8 February 1928. The horror of chemical weapons used during the First World War made the countries to sign the Geneva Protocol in 1925.

18.India’s first repository on tigers has been opened at which of the following places?

[A] Dehradun
[B] Sundarban
[C] Madhopur
[D] Chitradurga

 

Correct Answer: A [ Dehradun ]

Notes:
The Wildlife Institute of India (WII) has opened the country’s first repository on tigers, under its new Tiger Cell at Dehradun in Uttarakhand.

19.Consider the following statements:

1. Diesel engines produce more PM2.5 and less carbon dioxide than Petrol and CNG engines
2. Both Diesel and CNG engines produce more NOx than Petrol engines

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

[A] 1 Only
[B] 2 Only
[C] Both 1 & 2
[D] Neither 1 nor 2

 

Correct Answer: C [ Both 1 & 2]

Notes:
Both are correct statements

20.Consider the following statements:

1. Breeder Seeds comprise the primary stage of seed production cycle
   2. Foundation seeds are offspring of the breeder seeds
   Which among the above statements is / are correct?

[A] Only 1
[B] Only 2
[C] Both 1 & 2
[D] Neither 1 nor 2

 

Correct Answer: C [ Both 1 & 2]

Notes:
A breeder’s seed is an offspring of nucleus seed. A breeder is a person (qualified plant breeder) or organization who raises plant primary for breeding purpose. While nucleus seed is genetically pure; the Breeder seeds are produced by mutual multiplication of three different lines which are denoted by A line, B line and R line. A line is female, while B and R line are male sterile. The seeds from off springs with best and desired quality are selected and certified as Breeder seeds. Such seeds are protected by legal rights called as Breeder’s rights. Foundation Seeds are offspring’s of the Breeder seed which can be clearly traced to Breeder seed are called Foundation Seeds.

21.Amazon Rainforest Forests are located in which continent?

[A] South America
[B] Africa
[C] Australia
[D] Europe

 

Correct Answer: A [South America]

Notes:
According to the latest date by Brazil’s National Institute for Space Research (Inpe), the Amazon Rainforest Forests in Brazil has recorded 74,155 fires since January 2019. Its satellite data showed an 84% increase as compared to the same period in 2018. The Amazon is the largest tropical forest in the world, which covers more than 5 million square kilometres across nine countries: Brazil, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname and Venezuela. It acts as an enormous carbon sink & stores up to an estimated 100 years worth of carbon emissions produced by humans, and is seen as vital to slowing the pace of global warming. It is the most significant climate stabilizer as it creates 20 percent of the air we breathe and it also holds 20% of the fresh flowing water on the planet. But in the last half-century alone, nearly 20% of the forest has disappeared. Scientists have warned that if tree loss in the Amazon were to pass a certain “tipping point”, somewhere between 25 -40%, deforestation could start to feed on itself and lead to the demise of the forest within a matter of decades. Hence, preserving the forest is of critical importance for both the region it encompasses and the rest of the world.

22.Which of the following schedules of the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 includes the animals which may be hunted?

[A] Schedule III
[B] Schedule IV
[C] Schedule V
[D] Schedule VI

 

Correct Answer: C [Schedule V]

Notes:
The schedule V of the Wildlife Protection Act of 1972 includes the animals which may be hunted. The Wildlife Protection Act of 1972 contains six schedules  which give varying degrees of protection.

23.For the biomagnification of a particle to occur which of the following conditions should exist?

[A] Water soluble
[B] Short- lived
[C] Biologically active
[D] Immobile

 

Correct Answer: C [Biologically active]

Notes:
Biomagnification refers to the tendency of pollutant to concerntrate as they move from one trophic level to another. For biomagnification to take place a particle should be biologically active and mobile so that it can move to the higher level, it should be long-lived and soluble in fat.

24.Which of the following components are considered as the Abiotic components?
1) Non-green plants
2) Symbionts
3) Water
Select the correct answer from the codes given below:

[A] Only 1
[B] Only 2
[C] Only 1 & 3
[D] Only 3

 

Correct Answer: D [Only 3]

Notes:
The environment around us is not static. Both biotic and abiotic factors are in flux and keeps changing continuously. Some of the Abiotic components are Energy, Radiation, Temperature & heat flow, Water, Atmospheric gases and wind, etc

25.Succession is characterized by which of the following characteristics?
1) Decreased productivity.
2) The shift of nutrients from the reservoirs.
3) Increased diversity of organisms with an increase in the niche development
4) A gradual decline in the complexity of food webs.
Select the correct option from the codes given below:

[A] Only 1 & 3
[B] Only 1 & 4
[C] Only 2 & 3
[D] Only 1, 2 & 4

 

Correct Answer: C [Only 2 & 3]

Notes:
Succession is characterized by increased productivity, the shift of nutrients from the reservoirs, increased diversity of organisms with increased niche development, and a gradual increase in the complexity of food webs.

26.The forest ecosystems have been classified into which of the following categories?
1) Coniferous forest
2) Temperate forest
3) Tropical forest
Select the correct option from the codes given below:

[A] Only 1 & 2
[B] Only 1 & 3
[C] Only 2 & 3
[D] 1, 2 & 3

 

Correct Answer: D [1, 2 & 3]

Notes:
The forest ecosystem includes a complex assemblage of different kinds of biotic communities. The forest ecosystems have been classified into three major categories: coniferous forest, temperate forest and tropical forest.

27.Which of the following climatic conditions are found in tropical thorn forests?
1. Annual rainfall is more than 75 cm.
2. Humidity is less than 50 per cent.
3. Mean temperature in tropical thorn forests is 25°-30°C.
Select the correct option from the codes given below:

[A] Only 1 & 2
[B] Only 2 & 3
[C] Only 1 & 3
[D] 1, 2 & 3

 

Correct Answer: B [Only 2 & 3]

Notes:
The annual rainfall in tropical thorn forests is less than 75 cm. Humidity is less than 50 per cent. Mean temperature in tropical thorn forests is 25°-30°C.

28.Which of the following statements are correct about Himalayan Moist Temperate Forests?
1) Trees are 10 to 20 m high.
2) Pines, cedars, silver firs, spruce, etc. are the most important trees.
Select the correct option from the codes given below:

[A] Only 1
[B] Only 2
[C] Both 1 & 2
[D] Neither 1 & 2

 

Correct Answer: B [Only 2]

Notes:
Himalayan Moist Temperate Forests mainly consists of coniferous species of trees and the trees are 30 to 50 m high. Species occur in mostly pure strands. Pines, cedars, silver firs, spruce, etc. are the most important trees.

29.Which of the following statements are correct?
1. Lagoons and backwaters are coastal lakes which have their connection with the sea through small openings.
2. They exhibit a gradient in salinity from freshwater to marine depending upon the extent of influence of the sea water.

Select the correct option from the codes given below:

[A] Only 1
[B] Only 2
[C] Both 1 & 2
[D] Neither 1 & 2

 

Correct Answer: C [Both 1 & 2]

Notes:
Lagoons and backwaters are coastal lakes which have their connection with the sea through small openings. They exhibit a gradient in salinity from freshwater to marine depending upon the extent of influence of the sea water.

30.Which of the following are the roles played by mangroves?
1. Mangroves protects coastal lands from tsunami, hurricanes and floods.
2. Mangroves help in moderating monsoonal tidal floods and reduce inundation of coastal lowlands.
3. Mangrove do not support much flora, avifauna and wild life.
Select the correct option from the codes given below:

[A] Only 1 & 2
[B] Only 2 & 3
[C] Only 1 & 3
[D] 1, 2 & 3

 

Correct Answer: A [Only 1 & 2]

Notes:
Mangroves protects coastal lands from tsunami, hurricanes and floods.  Mangroves help in moderating monsoonal tidal floods and reduce inundation of coastal lowlands. Mangrove support rich flora, avifauna and wild life.

31.Consider the following about Convention on Biodiversity 1.It came up at the 1992 Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro. 2.India submitted its seventh National Report to the Convention on Biological Diversity. Which one is true?

[A] 1only
[B] 2 only
[C] Both 1 and 2
[D] None of the above

 

Correct Answer: A [ 1only ]

Notes:
One of the key agreements adopted at Rio 1992 was the Convention on Biological Diversity. India recently submitted its Sixth National Report to the Convention on Biological Diversity. India is among the first five countries in the world, the first in Asia and the first among the biodiversity-rich mega diverse countries to have submitted the report.

32.Which of the following is the correct sequence in ecological level from the lowest to the highest?

[A] Individual- Population –Community- Ecosystem-Biosphere
[B] Individual- Population- Community- Ecosystem- Biosphere
[C] Individual- Community-Population- Ecosystem-Biosphere
[D] Individual-Community-Population- Ecosystem-Biosphere

 

Correct Answer: B [Individual- Population- Community- Ecosystem- Biosphere]

Notes:

Organism id the lowest level in the ecological levels as it is an individual being having the ability to act and function independently

Population is a group of organisms usually of same species occupying a defined area at a particular time.

A community is a group of different species living and interacting with each other in the same geographical area at the same time.

Ecosystem is a set of living organism living together while interacting with biotic and abiotic components of their environment. It consist of different communities.

Biosphere is the sum of all the global ecosystems.

33.What will be the effect of the destruction of the phytoplankton in the sea?

1. The number of zooplanktons will increase
2. The amount of oxygen will decrease
3. Increase in the number of primary consumers

Select the correct answer from the codes given below-

[A] 1,2,3
[B] 2 only
[C] 1 and 2 only
[D] 2 and 3 only

 

Correct Answer: B [2 only]

Notes:
Phytoplanktons are autotrophic organism and is the main food of zooplanktons. They make their food by using carbon dioxide and release oxygen. So their destruction will decrease the number of zooplanktons in the sea and will decrease the oxygen in the water.

34.Tropical rain forests –

[A] Does not shed leaves
[B] Have a particular leaves’ shedding period
[C] Shed leaves but does not have particular season
[D] Shed leaves twice in a year

 

Correct Answer: C [Shed leaves but does not have particular season]

Notes:

Tropical rain forest occur near the equator and are marked by high temperature and rainfall. Thus flora is diversified and rich. Because of almost perennial presence of humidity the trees shed leaves but does not have a particular shedding period.

35.Which of the following are the benefits of chlorine treatment of water?

1. Remove suspended partticles
2. Remove hardness of water
3. Kill germs

Select the correct answer from the codes given below-

[A] 1,2,3 only
[B] 1 and 3 only
[C] 2 and 3 only
[D] 1 and 2 only

 

Correct Answer: A [1,2,3 only]

Notes:
Contaminated water is treated with chlorine which removes suspended solid particles in water, remove the hardness of water and kill germs.

36.Which of the following statements are correct about Saprotrophs?
1) They are bacteria and fungi which obtain energy and nutrients by decomposing dead organic substances.
2) The products of decomposition such as inorganic nutrients are reused by producers and thus recycled.
Select the correct answer from the codes given below:

[A] Only 1
[B] Only 2
[C] Both 1 & 2
[D] Neither 1 & 2

 

Correct Answer: C [Both 1 & 2]

Notes:
Saprotrophs are bacteria and fungi which obtain energy and nutrients by decomposing dead organic substances. The products of decomposition are reused by producers and thus recycled. Earthworm and certain soil organisms are detritus feeders and help in the decomposition of organic matter and are called detrivores.

37.An increase in concentration of a pollutant from the environment to the first organism in a food chain is referred to as?

[A] Bioaccumulation
[B] Biomagnification
[C] Biosparging
[D] None of the above

 

Correct Answer: A [Bioaccumulation]

Notes:
An increase in concentration of a pollutant from the environment to the first organism in a food chain is referred to as Bioaccumulation. It refers to how pollutants enter a food chain.

38.In which of the following type of biotic interaction one species is harmed and the other is unaffected?

[A] Neutralism
[B] Amensalism
[C] Mutualism
[D] Commensalism

 

Correct Answer: B [Amensalism]

Notes:
In amensalism one species is harmed and the other is unaffected. For example, a large tree shades a small plant, retarding
the growth of the small plant whereas the small plant has no effect on the large tree.

39.Which of the following statements are correct about nitrogen?
1. Nitrogen is an important constituent of protein and is a basic building block of all living tissues.

2. Nitrogen constitutes nearly 50% by weight of all the proteins.
   Select the correct option from the codes given below:

[A] Only 1
[B] Only 2
[C] Both 1 & 2
[D] Neither 1 & 2

 

Correct Answer: A [Only 1]

Notes:
Nitrogen is an important constituent of protein and is a basic building block of all living tissues.  Nitrogen constitutes nearly 16% by weight of all the proteins.

40.Which of the following statements are correct regarding plant and animal life in estuarine ecosystem?
1. Plants and animals that are specially adapted to the “brackish” estuarine waters flourish in the estuaries.
2. Estuaries are homes to plants and animals, such as wood storks, pelicans, coniferous and deciduous trees and butterflies.
3. Unique aquatic plants and animals can also be found in estuaries such as sea turtles and sea lions, sea catfish, saltworts, eelgrass, saltgrasses, cordgrasses, sea grass, sedge and bulrush.
Select the correct option from the codes given below:

[A] Only 1 & 2
[B] Only 2 & 3
[C] Only 1 & 3
[D] 1, 2 & 3

 

Correct Answer: D [1, 2 & 3]

Notes:
Plants and animals that are specially adapted to the “brackish” estuarine waters flourish in the estuaries. Estuaries are homes to plants and animals, such as wood storks, pelicans, coniferous and deciduous trees and butterflies. Unique aquatic plants and animals can also be found in estuaries such as sea turtles and sea lions, sea catfish, saltworts, eelgrass, saltgrasses, cordgrasses, sea grass, sedge and bulrush.

41.In which of the following year did Bhopal Gas Tragedy took place?

[A] 1982
[B] 1984
[C] 1986
[D] 1988

 

Correct Answer: B [1984]

Notes:
The Bhopal gas tragedy also referred to as the Bhopal disaster is considered among the world’s worst industrial disasters. It was a gas leak incident on the night of 2–3 December 1984 at the Union Carbide India Limited pesticide plant which is located in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh.

42.The Downhill movement of earth upper soil layer is mainly caused due to which of the following reason?

[A] Pollution
[B] Rain
[C] Drought
[D] None of the above

 

Correct Answer: B [Rain]

Notes:
A landslide is the movement of rock, earth, or debris down a sloped section of land. It is mainly caused due to a variety of factors. some of the man-made factors are- Deforestation, removal of the upper layer of soil, etc and the natural causes are rain, earthquake, etc.

43.Which of the following statements is/are correct regarding the Special Climate Change Fund?
1) It was established in 2001.
2) The Global Environment Facility (GEF) acts as an operating entity of the financial mechanism.
Select the correct option from the codes given below:

[A] Only 1
[B] Only 2
[C] Both 1 & 2
[D] Neither 1 & 2

 

Correct Answer: C [Both 1 & 2]

Notes:
Special Climate Change Fund was established in 2001. Adaptation to climate change is the top priority of the Special Climate Change Fund. The financial mechanism is operated by the Global Environment Facility (GEF).

44.What is the forest area percentage of Karnataka to its total geographical area?

[A] 21.61%
[B] 22.61%
[C] 23.61%
[D] 24.61%

 

Correct Answer: B [22.61%]

Notes:
Karnataka’s forest area is about 22.61% of the state’s geographical area. It accounts for around 6.18% of India’s total forest area of 701,673 sq. km.

45.What percentage of total forest area of Karnataka is protected forest?

[A] 5%
[B] 6%
[C] 7%
[D] 8%

 

Correct Answer: D [8%]

Notes:
With area of 3,540.07 sq. km, 8% of total forest area of Karnataka is protected forest.

46.In which type of forest rosewood, Mahogany, Dhupa trees are found?

[A] Mixed Forest
[B] Deciduous Forest
[C] Evergreen Forest
[D] None of the above

 

Correct Answer: C [Evergreen Forest]

Notes:
Tall trees like rosewood, mahogany, kino, teak, dhupa, and hebbalasu grow in Evergreen Forest.

47.Which wildlife sanctuary of Karnataka borders with Ranipuram hills and Kottencheri hills of Kerala?

[A] Talakaveri Wildlife Sanctuary
[B] Someshwara Wildlife Sanctuary
[C] Bhadra Wildlife Sanctuary
[D] Brahmagiri Wildlife Sanctuary

 

Correct Answer: A [Talakaveri Wildlife Sanctuary]

Notes:
The Talakaveri Wildlife Sanctuary is located in the Kodagu district of Karnataka. This sanctuary borders with Kottencheri hills and Ranipuram hills in the Kasaragod district of the state of Kerala.

48.Which is the first biological village of Bihar?

[A] Gopalpur
[B] Birpur
[C] Bhawanipur
[D] Kothiya

 

Correct Answer: D [Kothiya]

Notes:
Kothiya is the first biological village of Bihar. Scientists of Rajendra Agricultural University of Pusa have converted Kothiya into a biological village.
Biological village means a village/territory where community people would live and breathe in nature and foster the biodiversified ecological balance. In this environment, they will practice organic farming where natural fertilizers and seed could be used.

49.Littoral and Swamp Forests can be seen in–

[A] Howrah
[B] Kolkata
[C] South 24 Pargana
[D] Hooghly

 

Correct Answer: C [South 24 Pargana ]

Notes:
Littoral and Swamp Forests also known as
The Mangrove Forests is found in Ganga-Brahmaputra delta (Sundarbans) i.e. in the districts of South 24
Parganas and Southern region of North 24 Parganas.

50.In which year Department of Environment was established in West Bengal Government?

[A] 1982
[B] 1983
[C] 1984
[D] 1985

 

Correct Answer: A [1982]

Notes:
Department of Environment is a department jurisdicted by Government of West Bengal. It was establisted in 1982. The department is headed by a Minister in Charge Ratna De (Minister of State, Independent Charge), with Principal Secretary (Sri Vivek Kumar) as administrative head.