Knowledge for All, without Barriers…
Introduction Independent India saw a plethora of problems that had to be dealt with. The short-term problems were the refugee crisis, prevention of war, and
Introduction India had inherited its economic and administrative structures from the colonial and pre-colonial era but the well-defined and comprehensive ideology that inspired it in
Introduction After 1947 a new era had dawned for India. Colonial rule was over and now a journey towards overcoming the colonial legacy of poverty,
History of Education in India The British also came with the belief that they had a duty to civilize the natives. The White man’s burden
History The printing press came to India from the Portuguese missionaries. However, it was the East India Company that imported presses in the 17th century that
World History Industrial Revolution was the beginning of a period in which many improvements and inventions were brought by men who neither were educated in
Introduction The British conquered Bengal first and then they reordered its rural society and established a regime of land rights and revenue system. The first
Introduction Al Biruni wrote Kitab ul Hind an account of his travels, He was a Uzbekistani who was captured by Sultan Ghazni and brought to
Introduction Ideas about the ancient culture of the Indus Valley Civilization or Harappan age comes from studying the archaeological artifacts found in a particular area
Introduction The Second World War ended and the conflict weary society believed that peace was achieved and would remain for a long time. However, this
Introduction The Imperialist countries like England and France had followed a policy of non-intervention, and appeasement towards the fascist aggressions of Germany and Italy. They
Introduction The 20 years between the First and the Second World wars saw upheavals in Europe. The consequences of these uprisings led to the most
Introduction The Socialist movement was declining and the outbreak of the First World War in 1914 saw its hasty demise. The Second International was the
Introduction Imperialism and World trade had made the entire world become affected by events in some parts. As Europe was the center of trade and
Introduction The European countries had been the birthplace of the Industrial revolution. But this had also created its ugly version called imperialism. In this, the
Early Worker’s Movements The industrial revolution created a chain of events that led to Capitalism and then Socialism. Machines were started around the 16th century
Revolutionary movements in Europe The French Revolution and the Napoleonic wars had ended and the monarchy was restored in France but the idea of a
The French revolution was linked to the American revolution. It was at a nascent stage while the American Revolution was going on but it had
Renaissance The era of questioning established beliefs. Every aspect of thoughts and beliefs was questioned. It was an intellectual revolution where all beliefs based on
Introduction As the middle ages ended feudalism came to an end in Europe due to Renaissance and other developments. The rise in towns and cities
Introduction The Marathas held important positions in the Deccan sultanate. But Shivaji and his father Shahaji were responsible for the establishment of the Maratha kingdom.
Introduction The Mughals didn’t believe in the right of the eldest son to the throne. This caused conflicts between the successors and caused a loss
Introduction Babur was the founder of the Mughal Empire. He captured Kabul from one of his uncles. He wanted to capture India and launched four
Introduction Both these kingdoms arose when the control of the Sultanate over the Deccan became weak during the reign of Muhammad- bin-Tughlaq. Both were founded
Introduction The coming of Islam to India resulted in many things. One was the exchange of religious ideas between the Hindus and Muslims. This led
Introduction The Delhi sultanate had a powerful administrative system. The authority extended as south as Madurai. It had an impact on the provincial kingdoms and
Introduction The Arab invasions led to the establishment of the Delhi sultanate. This flourished for about three centuries. The Delhi sultanate consisted of: Aibak (Slave), Khilji,
Introduction Post Harshavardhan era Harshavardhan observed the same system of administration as the Guptas and so when he conquered new kings he would allow them
Introduction The complex rituals and sacrifices of the Brahmins in the later Vedic period weren’t acceptable to the common people. The sacrifices and rituals were
Introduction After the end of the Sangam age, the Cholas became feudatories but rose again to prominence in 9 century AD. These were the years
Pallavas dynasty: After the Sangam age ended, the Kalabraha’s captured the south and ruled for 250 years till the Pallavas dynasty started. The Pallavas ruled
Introduction The decline of the Gupta Empire in the north created political disunity which was resolved after Harshavardhan established his Empire. The details of Harshavardhan’s Empire
Introduction In 4 Century AD, a new dynasty emerged over Magadha and ruled a large part of North India. Their rule lasted for over 200
Introduction South of the Deccan plateau, the land between the Venkatam hills and Kanyakumari is known as the Tamilaham. The Sangam texts mention three chiefs
Crafts, Trades, and Towns Trade was a factor that was continuous and consistent from 200 AD to 300 AD. Different parts of the country were
Introduction Stonemasonry was introduced on a large scale by the Mauryans. Ashoka’s contribution to Indian art was a number of monolithic pillars which bore his
Introduction The Foundation of the Mauryan Empire opened a new era in the history of India. Kautilya’s Arthashastra gave a glimpse of this period. Megasthenes was a noble
Introduction The Brahmanas and Upanishads composed 800 years ago refer to the Janapada and Mahajanpadas and provide us an insight into the settlement of agricultural
Chalcolithic settlements This was a transition phase when both copper or bronze and stone statues were used. Chalcolithic cultures existed from Chota Nagpur to the
Introduction Named after Harappa the first site where the unique urban culture was discovered, a civilization existed that is dated between 2600 – 1900 BC.
Introduction Indian history is divided into the following phases: Old Stone Age [Paleolithic] Middle stone age [Mesolithic] New stone age [Neolithic] and Metal age. The dates
Introduction The Indian subcontinent has three main reasons: Himalayas Mountains, the southern peninsula, and Indo – The Gangetic plains. Regional differences and related separate identities
❖ गुलाम वंश ➨ 1=1193 मुहम्मद घोरी ➨ 2=1206 कुतुबुद्दीन ऐबक ➨ 3=1210 आराम शाह ➨ 4=1211 इल्तुतमिश ➨ 5=1236 रुकनुद्दीन फिरोज शाह ➨ 6=1236
1. Establishment of the Indian National Congress Ans-1885 AD 2. Bang-Bhang Movement (Swadeshi Movement) Ans-1905 AD 3. Establishment of the Muslim League Ans-1906 AD 4.
Introduction Events that influenced our constitution and polity during the east India Company rule: Government of India Act, 1858: Governor-General of India became the Viceroy
Introduction The British had refused to offer any concessions to the Indians. Gandhiji and Nehru the two leaders who had steadfastly refused to launch any
Introduction With the growth of left-wing influence and militancy within the nationalist ranks, the stage was set for another round of nationalist mass movements but
Introduction Till 1937 the communalists were liberal i.e. though they wanted safeguards for their religion they believed in a united country. But after 1937 it
Introduction Communalism moves in three main stages: one is people following the same religion have the same social, political, and economic interests. The second notion
Introduction Capitalists were of the following categories one that remained neutral or pro-British, one that gave financial support to the congress, one that came out
