Explanation |
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| Background and Introduction | The States Reorganisation Act, 1956 reformed India’s state boundaries based on linguistic lines.
It is the most extensive change in state boundaries after India’s independence. The act came into effect along with the Constitution (Seventh Amendment) Act, 1956. |
| Pre-Independence Political Integration | British India was divided into Provinces of British India and Indian States.
Princely states were encouraged to accede to either India or Pakistan after independence. Bhutan remained independent, Hyderabad was annexed by India, and Kashmir became a subject of conflict between India and Pakistan. |
| Integration of Princely States | Between 1947 and 1950, the princely states were politically integrated into the Indian Union.
Some states were merged into existing provinces, while others formed unions or remained separate states. Government of India Act 1935 served as the constitutional law until the adoption of a new Constitution. |
| Classification of States and Territories | The Constitution of India, effective from 1950, classified states and territories into Part A, Part B, Part C, and Part D categories.
Part A states were former governors’ provinces, Part B states were former princely states, and Part C states included chief commissioners’ provinces and some princely states. Part D consisted of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. |
| Linguistic Movements and Demands | The demand for linguistic states began before independence, with the first movement in Odisha in 1895.
Political movements for linguistic states gained momentum after independence. Creation of Andhra Pradesh in 1953 marked a significant development in organizing states based on language. |
| States Reorganisation Commission | Linguistic Provinces Commission was set up in 1948 but rejected language as a basis for dividing states.
States Reorganisation Commission was established in 1953 to reorganize Indian states. Headed by Fazal Ali and had recommendations overseen by Govind Ballabh Pant. |
| Enactment and Changes | States Reorganisation Act was enacted on 31 August 1956.
Constitution underwent an amendment, and the terminology of Part A and Part B states was changed to simply “states.” Also introduced the classification of Union Territories. |
| Effects and Reorganization | States Reorganisation Act of 1956 resulted in the reorganization of states and territories.
Took effect on 1 November 1956. Had a significant impact on dividing India into states and Union Territories. |
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