Measles, also known as rubeola, is a highly contagious viral infection caused by the measles virus (MeV). It primarily affects children, but it can occur at any age. Measles is characterized by symptoms that typically include high fever, cough, runny nose, red and watery eyes, and a characteristic rash.

Here are some key points about measles:

1. **Transmission**: Measles is highly contagious and spreads through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes. The virus can remain airborne and infect others for several hours after the infected person has left the area.

2. **Symptoms**: The symptoms of measles usually appear around 10 to 14 days after exposure to the virus. Early symptoms may resemble those of a common cold or flu, including fever, cough, runny nose, and red, watery eyes (conjunctivitis). A few days later, a characteristic red or reddish-brown rash appears, starting on the face and spreading to the rest of the body.

3. **Complications**: While most people recover from measles without serious complications, it can lead to severe complications, especially in young children, pregnant women, and individuals with weakened immune systems. Complications may include pneumonia, encephalitis (inflammation of the brain), ear infections, and in rare cases, death.

4. **Prevention**: The most effective way to prevent measles is through vaccination. The measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine is highly effective at preventing measles infection. It is typically administered in two doses, the first around 12 to 15 months of age and the second around 4 to 6 years of age.

5. **Treatment**: There is no specific antiviral treatment for measles. Treatment typically focuses on relieving symptoms and preventing complications. Bed rest, plenty of fluids, and over-the-counter medications to reduce fever and alleviate symptoms may be recommended.

Measles was once a common childhood illness, but widespread vaccination efforts have significantly reduced the number of measles cases worldwide. However, outbreaks can still occur in areas with low vaccination rates or among populations with limited access to healthcare. Therefore, vaccination remains crucial in preventing measles and its potential complications.

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