Noun:

The noun is a naming word. It refers person, place, things, or animals.
Eg: Vaibhav, Chennai, pen, cow….. this noun is classified into 5 types in major.

PROPER NOUN  is the name of a particular person or place.
Eg: George, Banaras …

COMMON NOUN is the name of a group of persons or things.
Eg: Boy, town,….

COLLECTIVE NOUN is the name of a group or collection of similar persons, animals, or things.
Eg: a Group of boys, a fleet of soldiers,…

ABSTRACT NOUN is the name of a quality that persons or things have, action they take or state they find themselves in.  You cannot touch it but can feel it.
Eg: Honesty, happiness, music, freedom.

MATERIAL NOUN:  These are raw materials or objects, existing in nature.
Eg: iron, stones, furniture….

MASCULINE:  a noun that denotes the male sex.
Eg: boy,bull, dog

FEMININE:  a noun that denotes the female sex.
Eg: girl, cow, bitch

COMMON NOUN:  a noun that denotes either a male or a female.
Eg: servant, child, student

NEUTER: It denotes lifeless things.
Eg: pen, pencil, books,…

Ways of forming feminine nouns

By using different words:

Masculine	Feminine
Bachelor	Maid/spinster
Dog	Bitch
Bull	Cow
Drone	Bee

By adding a syllable ‘-ess’…

Masculine	Feminine
Lion	Lioness
Heir	Heiress
Peer	Peeress
Poet	Poetess
Host	Hostess

By adding ‘-ess’ after dropping the vowel ending..

Masculine	Feminine
Executor	Executrix
Master	Mistress
Tempter	Temptress
Abbot	Abbess
Signor	Signora

By adding a word suffix or prefix

Masculine	Feminine
He-goat	She-goat
Bull-calf	Cow-calf
Peacock	Peahen
Milkman	Milkmaid
Grandfather	grandmother

SINGULAR: It denotes only one thing or person.
Eg: boy, pen

PLURAL: It denotes more than one.
Eg: boys, girls…

Adding ‘s’ to plural form:

Pen	Pens
Girl	Girls
Pencil	Pencils
Dwarf	Dwarfs
Chief	Chiefs

Adding ‘es’ to plural form for the words ending with’s,ss,sh,ch,x’

Bus	Buses
Glass	Glasses
Bush	Bushes
Bench	Benches
Box	Boxes

Adding ‘es’ by removing ‘y’

Baby	Babies
story	Stories
City	Cities
Army	Armies
Lady	Ladies
Pony	ponies

Adding ‘ies’ by removing ‘f, fe’

Wife	Wives
Shelf	Shelves
Loaf	Loaves
Thief	Thieves
Wolf	wolves

Complete change of words

Child	Children
Man	Men
Woman	Women
Analysis	Analyses
Memorandum	memoranda

Plurals for phrases:

Mother in law	Mothers in law
Father in law	Fathers in law
Inspector general	Inspectors general
Attorney general	Attorneys general
Brother in law	brothers in law

RULES FOR NOUNS:

• Some nouns are used only in the plural form.

Eg: Scissors, spectacles,…

• Some nouns are used only in the singular

Eg: civics, mathematics, news…

• Some nouns have the singular and plural alike

Eg: sheep, deer, swine, cod

• Abstract nouns and Material nouns are not used in the plural.

Eg: charity, kindness, copper,…

Note: when they are used in the plural, the meaning changes, and they become common nouns.

• Proper nouns are always written with capital letters at the beginning.

Eg: Delhi

• A collective noun usually takes a singular verb and is substituted by singular by a singular pronoun.

Eg: The jury has given its decision.

• A collective noun takes plural a plural verb when the noun gives the meaning of representing the  members individually.

Eg: The jury was divided in their decision.

• A material noun and abstract noun do not take articles.

Eg: Cotton is a cash crop.

• Collective nouns, even when they denote living beings, are considered of the neuter gender.

Eg: Debi had a herd of cows. He kept a herdsman to look after it.

• Young children, infants, and the lower animals are referred to as the neuter gender.

Eg: The baby loves its toys.

• Objects without life are considered as of

1. Masculine gender- if the object gives a sense of strength and violence.

Eg: sun,summer,winter,time,death…

1. Feminine gender – – if the object gives a sense of beauty, gentleness, and gracefulness.

Earth, moon, spring, nature….

• Pair, dozen, score, gross, hundred, thousand, etc,..(units of counting), when used after numbers, remain in their singular form.

Eg: My friend has two dozen apples.

• Abstract nouns and material nouns are not used in plural form.

 Eg: Care for the old is necessary.

• Use the correct form for an abstract noun.

Eg: young-youth, honest-honesty.

• Check spelling errors if any.
• Collective noun follows must take a singular verb. (Phrase with noun must be in plural)

Eg: A bunch of bananas has become expensive.

• Proper doesn’t take articles before it but when it is taken in comparison, it does.

Dear Aspirants, Below we have given some exercise questions which may consist of errors (based on NOUN), check whether the statement has errors or not if given your answers in the below comment section.

EXERCISE QUESTIONS:

1. The parliament is divided on the bill.
2. His brother committed thiefhood in his house.
3. He wears glass to aid his short-sighted eye.
4. The same board is used for chess as well as draught.
5. Take care of the vixen because they are wily creatures.
6. The Indians are a religious-minded people.
7. Time passes in its chariot majestically.
8. The practices of lawyers vary from those of doctors.
9. The bright lamps gave much light.
10. Devi is Anand of our chess class.
11. You will be promoted at the time of the year.
12. The cup’s base was rounded.
13. The Earth treats us as his children, not strangers.
14. The fleet of ships moves at a uniform speed.
15. Queen Elizabeth is the monarchess of England.
16. Aurangzeb’s religious bigots caused severe harm to the Mughal empire.
17. Tin is a precious metal.
18. The milkwoman said that she would not supply milk on holidays.
19. The team camped at Namkum. They followed a rigorous routine.
20. Who will win if there is a contest between the dwarves and the giants?

Explanation

1. The parliament is divided,  it is not being divided thought of a whole, but in terms of its constituents. Hence, use a plural verb. ’The parliament is divided on the bill.
2. The abstract noun from the common noun thief is theft, not thiefhood. ‘His brother committed theft in his house.
3. This sentence intends is spectacles made of glass. So we use plural ‘glasses’. ‘He wears glasses to aid his short-sighted eye’.
4. The game is not draught but draughts.‘ The same board is used for chess as well as draughts’.
5. Vixen is the feminine gender of fox, not it’s plural. ‘Take care of the foxes because they are wily creatures’/ ‘Take care of the vixen because she is a wily creature.
6. The sentence is correct. People usually are used as plural. But when it means a nation, as it does here, it is used as a singular. ‘The Indians are a religious-minded people.
7. In this sentence, time is personified and takes the masculine gender. ‘Time passes in his chariot majestically’.
8. This sentence is talking of persons from different professions-lawyers and doctors. This practice means the exercise of a profession. This meaning does not have a plural. ‘The practice of the lawyers varies from those of the doctors’.
9. If one light gives light, do you think two lights give two lights? Light is not countable so it does not have a plural form. ‘The bright lamps gave much light’.
10. Devi is not Viswanathan Anand.  Anand here is compared with Devi.‘Devi is the  Anand of our chess class’.
11. Possessive is used with nouns denoting time .‘You will be promoted in a year’s time.
12. The cup is not a living thing.  so it does not take a possessive sign.  ‘The base of the cup was rounded.
13. The earth is personified and it takes the feminine gender. ‘The Earth treats us as her children, not strangers.
14. The fleet is a collective noun. It should be in the singular.‘The fleet of ships moves at a uniform speed.
15. Monarch does not have feminine gender. It is of common gender. ‘Queen Elizabeth is the monarch of England’.
16. Aurangzeb’s religious bigots caused severe harm to the Mughal empire.
17. Tin is a material noun. A material noun does not take an article before it.‘Tin is a precious metal’.
18. The feminine for milkman is milkmaid, not milkwoman. ‘The milkmaid said that she would not supply milk on holidays’.
19. The team like the army is a collective noun. Collective nouns are neuter gender. so it takes the pronoun ‘it’.‘The team camped at Namkum. It followed a rigorous routine.
20. The plural for a dwarf is dwarfs. ‘Who will win if there is a contest between the dwarfs and the giants?’.