What Are Omega-3 Fatty Acids?

Omega-3 fatty acids are polyunsaturated fatty acids that are essential for the body. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are the two major types of long-chain omega-3 fatty acids. Seafood is the main source of EPA and DHA.

The body also synthesizes small amounts of EPA and DHA from alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), an omega-3 fatty acid found in flaxseed, canola, and walnuts. The body also forms docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) –also a long-chain omega-3 fatty acid–when it breaks down (metabolizes) DHA.

A healthy adult should consume at least two portions of fish a week to obtain its health benefits, according to the UK Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition.

 

Health Benefits Of Omega-3 Fatty Acids

1. May Help Combat Depression

The deficiency of omega-3 fatty acids is linked to an increased risk of various psychiatric disorders, including depression. Depression is a multifactorial disorder, and depression due to insufficient omega-3 fatty acid intake can be of one type. People suspected to have this type of depression may respond well to a diet rich in omega-3 fatty acids with no significant side effects.

2. May Reduce The Risk Of Cardiovascular Diseases

Omega-3 fatty acids protect the heart and reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease by reducing high LDL cholesterol and blood clotting. The intake of omega-3 fatty acids may help reduce the risk of sudden death caused by cardiac arrhythmias (irregular heartbeat). Besides, it may also reduce all-cause mortality in people with known coronary heart disease  . Omega-3 fatty acids are also used to treat hyperlipidemia (high cholesterol levels) and hypertension  – which cause cardiovascular disease.

The American Heart Association recommends at least one serving of fish daily for those with coronary heart disease. It also recommends two servings of fish per week for persons with no coronary heart disease .

3. May Help With Cancer Treatment

Inflammation causes tumors and their growth. Omega-3 fatty acids have anti-inflammatory properties, and their intake may increase the efficacy of chemotherapy. These fatty acids are shown to preserve muscle mass and function in cancer patients even during active treatment. A combination of chemotherapy and supplementation of omega-3 fatty acids may enhance the treatment outcome.

4. May Help Reduce Cholesterol

Elevated triglycerides (fats) may lead to hypertriglyceridemia (high-fat concentration in the blood). Managing LDL cholesterol levels helps manage triglycerides effectively. Omega-3 fatty acids like EPA and DHA are proven to reduce triglycerides levels.

Why take supplements when you have other alternatives? Here are 15 foods you can eat to get omega-3 fatty acids naturally. Read on!

15 Foods High In Omega-3 Fatty Acids

1. Purslane

Purslane (a leafy green vegetable) is richer in omega-3 fatty acids than spinach. Fresh purslane leaves (100g) contain about 300-400 mg of alpha-linolenic acid. Including it in your diet may help you get a sufficient amount of omega-3 fatty acids.

2. Walnuts

Walnut is one of the healthiest nuts that contain the highest amount of omega-3 fatty acids. These nuts can also be a tasty addition to your diet.

3. Brussels Sprouts

Brussels sprouts resemble miniature cabbages and are low in calories. They contain a significant amount of omega-3 fatty acids.

4. Soybean Oil

The protein-rich soy is popular in many diets. Soybean oil is found to contain a significant amount of omega-3 fatty acids. However, more research is warranted to understand the benefits of omega-3 fatty acids from soy.

5. Seeds

Seeds like chia seeds flaxseed are high in omega-3 fatty acids. Their oil extracts are also used in omega-3 supplements. Sprinkling these oils or ground seeds over salads or smoothies is an easy way to include them in a regular diet.

6. Egg Yolks

Many people don’t prefer egg yolks due to their high-calorie content. But, they contain a significant amount of omega-3 fatty acids. So, add egg yolks to your diet in moderation.

7. Seaweed

Seaweed is a great source of nutrients for people who prefer plant-based foods. They are rich in omega-3 fatty acids, which help prevent inflammatory, cardiovascular, and nervous system disorders.

8. Fish

Oily fish, fatty fish, cold-water fish, salmon, and mackerel are rich in omega-3 fatty acids. They are also rich in proteins and vitamins, and may help lower the risk of many health conditions.

9. Wild Berries

Different kinds of wild berries contain significant amounts of omega-3 fatty acids. They can be used as toppings on smoothies or consumed as an evening snack.

10. Oysters

Oysters are rich in many nutrients. 100 g of oysters contain 188 mg of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and 203 mg of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA).

11. Scandinavian Caviar Paste

Scandinavian caviar paste is a spread naturally enriched with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. It is used in making sandwiches, tapas, soups, and as a spread on toasted bread.

12. Wild Rice

Wild rice grows in the shallow waters of North America and differs from brown and white rice. 100 g of wild rice provides 300 mg (0.3g) of omega-3 fatty acid.

13. Winter Squash

Winter squash (100g) contains 26 mg of omega-3 fatty acids. This seasonal fruit can be a healthy inclusion in your diet.

14. Hemp Seeds

Hemp seeds are a rich source of omega-3 fatty acids. They have also been found to improve cardiovascular health. You can add them to smoothies and salads or consume raw.

15. Spinach

Spinach is a proven source of omega-3 fatty acids. You can make spinach dishes or add some spinach leaves to your juices or smoothies.

 

How Much Omega-3 Fatty Acid Do You Need Per Day?

The required intake omega-3 fatty acids varies from person to person. However, it ranges between 200-500 mg (both EPA and DHA) per day for adults.

Pregnant women need 650 mg of omega-3 fatty acids every day, of which 300 mg should be DHA. Depending on the omega-3 content of the seafood consumed during the week, pregnant women would need an additional 400 to 550 mg of omega-3 PUFAs (EPA and DHA) daily. Of this, about 225 mg should be DHA.

The Final Takeaway