Latin Abbreviations in Academic Writing
| Abbreviation | Stands for | Meaning(s) |
| cf. | confer | compare, bring together – used in endnotes or footnotes to direct readers to arguments that differ from what is presented |
| e.g. | exempli gratia | for example |
| et al. | et alii | and others, and other people |
| ibid | ibidem | in the same place – used in endnotes or footnotes when referencing a previously cited source (same page numbers) |
| id | idem | the same person – less common alternative to ibid |
| i.e. | id est | that is to say, what that means is |
| viz. | videlicet | namely, that is, to wit |
Latin Abbreviations in Legal Terminology
| Abbreviation | Stands for | Meaning(s) |
| et con | et conjunx | and husband, with husband – used to indicate that a wife and husband entered into an agreement or appeared together |
| et seq. | et sequentes | and the following – after stating the first item in a list or page in a series, this abbreviation may be used to indicate what follows |
| J.D. | Juris Doctor | doctor of law – degree conferred upon graduation from law school |
| L.S. | locus sigilli | in place of the seal – used on formal documents to indicate where a notary public should mark with a seal |
| N.B. | nota bene | pay attention, note well – used to direct attention to something of particular importance |
| re | res | in the matter of – used to refer to the primary matter of interest in a legal case |
| v. | versus | against – used in court case citations (Brown v. Board of Education) |
Latin Abbreviations in Medicine
| Abbreviation | Stands for | Meaning(s) |
| a.c. | ante cibum | before meals – used to indicate that a medication should be taken immediately prior to eating a meal |
| a.d. | auris dextra | the right ear |
| ad lib. | ad libitum | at one’s pleasure – to take a medicine or use a treatment as often as one wants to do so |
| a.s. | auris sinistra | the left ear |
| a.u. | auris utraque | both ears |
| bib | bibe | to drink – to consume a medicine or treatment by drinking |
| b.i.d. | bis in die | twice daily – medicine or treatment that should be taken or administered two times each day |
| p.c. | post cibum | after meals – medication that should be taken immediately after consuming a meal |
| p.r.n. | pro re nata | as needed – medication or treatment should be administered as needed by the patient; medical professionals are sometimes hired to work p.r.n., meaning they will be scheduled to work as the hospital or other employer needs them to do so |
| q.i.d. | quater in die | four times per day – medicine or treatment that should be taken or administered four times each day |
| Rx | recipere | to take – used to refer to medication prescribed by a physician |
| stat | statim | immediately – immediate action should be taken |
| u.d.
ut. dict. |
ut dictum | as directed – administer medicine or treatment as instructed |
Latin Abbreviations Referencing Time
| Abbreviation | Stands for | Meaning(s) |
| A.D. | anno Domini | in the year of our Lord – used with all years after the one in which Jesus is believed to have been born are labeled as A.D. |
| a.m. | ante meridiem | before midday – indicates the hours from 12 a.m. (midnight) to 11:59 a.m. |
| ca. or c. | circa | around, approximately, not exact – primarily used to indicate a point in time; antiques from a certain area are said to be ca. that timeframe (ca. 1900s) |
| pro tem. | pro tempore | for the time being, temporary, provisional |
| p.a. | per annum | yearly, annual |
| p.m. | post meridiem | after midday – indicates the hours from 12 p.m. (noon) to 11:59 p.m. |
Latin Abbreviations Used in Everyday Language
| Abbreviation | Stands for | Meaning(s) |
| C.V. | curriculum vitae | the course of life – a summary of a person’s education, work history, and job qualifications; similar to a resume |
| etc. | et cetera | and others, and the rest |
| lb. | libra | pound, measure of weight/mass |
| vs. | versus | opposed to – used to draw comparisons (one thing vs. another) |
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