A camera basically consists of a lightproof box that lets in a bit of light at just the right moment. Once the light enters the camera, it creates an image by causing a chemical reaction on photo film.
Of course, SLR cameras can also create purely digital images without using photo film at all, but we will concentrate on the traditional use of film today.
Let’s imagine you’re taking a picture of your dog playing in the snow. As you see your dog running toward you, you lift the camera to your eye.
Outdoor light reflects off your dog, bouncing into the camera, through the lens, and onto a mirror. The light then bounces off the mirror into a five-sided piece of glass called a “pentaprism” and into the eyepiece.
Finally, the light passes through the eyepiece and into your eye. This allows you to see the image exactly as it will appear on film.
As you hold the camera to your eye, you wait for just the right moment. Your dog stops for just a moment and snap! You’ve got your shot.
When you press the button on a camera, the mirror flips out of the way. The light then passes onto the back of the camera where it hits photographic film and starts a chemical reaction.
When you click the button, you instantaneously record the reflected light of objects in the camera’s field of view. Though you probably can’t tell, the film consists of a thin sheet of plastic coated with tiny silver crystals in gelatin. The crystals react to light that passes through the camera and onto the film.
Once you’ve captured your photo, it’s time to develop the film in a darkroom. The development process involves dipping the film into several chemicals. Special chemicals called “developer” help the image become visible.
If you have ever held developed film up to the light, you may notice that something looks strange. The developed film gives you a negative image! This means dark objects will look light and light objects will look dark.
When it’s time to print your photo, you must shine a light through the negative film. This creates a shadow on special photosensitive paper, leaving an image that is the opposite of the negative — a positive print! At last, you have your photograph.
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