National

1. The Central government has intensified action against the misuse and unauthorised sale of weight-loss and diabetes drugs, particularly GLP-1 receptor agonists, amid rising concerns over their unchecked availability. The move comes as demand for these drugs surges across India, with authorities warning of serious health risks linked to unsupervised consumption.

2. The Government of India has notified the Solid Waste Management (SWM) Rules, 2026, replacing the earlier 2016 framework, with effect from 1^st April 2026. Issued under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986, the revised rules aim to strengthen waste management through principles of circular economy, extended producer responsibility, and stricter enforcement based on the ‘polluter pays’ principle.

3. The Maharashtra State Road Transport Corporation (MSRTC) has launched the RuPay On-The-Go National Common Mobility Card (NCMC) scheme on 1^st April 2026, marking a major step towards digitalising public transport in the state. Chief Minister Devendra Fadnavis inaugurated the initiative, highlighting its role in enhancing convenience, transparency, and efficiency in bus travel.

4. A rare sighting of a white female albino Himalayan tahr has recently been recorded in Kugti Wildlife Sanctuary, located in the Bharmour region of Chamba district, Himachal Pradesh. The discovery is significant as albino individuals are extremely uncommon in the wild and indicate unique genetic variation within species.

5. In a significant development, not a single university or college has received fresh accreditation in the current academic year from the National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC). This pause has raised concerns regarding quality assurance processes in India’s higher education system and the timely evaluation of institutions.

6. A sloth bear was recently captured by Karnataka Forest Department officials after it was found roaming in villages near Shivamogga airport. The incident raised concerns over increasing human-wildlife conflict in forest fringe areas, highlighting the need for better habitat management and conservation strategies.

7. Odisha Police has been conferred the prestigious President’s Police Colour, the highest honour granted to a police force or military unit in India. The recognition marks exceptional service, professionalism, and sustained contributions to maintaining law and order. The announcement coincides with the 90^th Police Foundation Day of Odisha, celebrated on Utkal Divas, highlighting both historical legacy and modern achievements of the force.

8. The Ministry of Textiles has extended the Rebate of State and Central Taxes and Levies (RoSCTL) Scheme for exports of apparel, garments, and made-ups until 30^th September 2026. The move aims to sustain India’s competitiveness in global textile markets by ensuring exporters are not burdened with embedded taxes and levies.

9. The Prime Minister of India recently inaugurated the Samrat Samprati Museum in Gujarat, highlighting the legacy of an important yet lesser-known Mauryan ruler. The initiative aims to promote awareness of India’s ancient history, particularly the contributions of Samrat Samprati in spreading Jainism and non-violence.

10. A leasing agreement has been signed between Bharat Coal Gasification and Chemicals Limited (BCGCL) and Mahanadi Coalfields Limited (MCL) for a Coal to Ammonium Nitrate Project at Lakhanpur, Odisha. The project reflects India’s push to utilise domestic coal resources for value-added chemical production, particularly in fertilisers and industrial applications.

11. The Central Government has introduced a new mandate requiring petrol pumps to supply E20 fuel with a minimum octane rating of 95 RON. This step is part of India’s broader strategy to promote cleaner fuels, reduce dependence on fossil fuel imports, and support the transition towards sustainable energy in the transport sector.

12. The Ministry of Education has granted the National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT) the status of an Institution deemed to be a university under a distinct category, following recommendations by the University Grants Commission (UGC). The move is aimed at strengthening research capacity and advancing academic innovation in the field of school education in India.

13. The 128^th meeting of the Enforcement Task Force (ETF) under the Commission for Air Quality Management (CAQM) in NCR and adjoining areas was recently convened to review ongoing measures for controlling air pollution. The meeting focused on strengthening enforcement strategies and ensuring coordinated action among various states to tackle deteriorating air quality in the Delhi-NCR region.

14. The vibrant festival of Rongali Bihu has recently brought festive enthusiasm across Assam, marking the beginning of the Assamese New Year and the arrival of spring. Celebrated with music, dance, and traditional customs, the festival reflects the cultural richness and unity of Assamese society.

15. Karnataka has emerged as the leading state in training women Self-Help Groups (SHGs) as drone pilots under the Namo Drone Didi Yojana (NDDY). The initiative marks a significant step towards women’s empowerment and the adoption of modern technology in agriculture, aligning with India’s push for precision farming and rural livelihood enhancement.

16. A 16-year-old girl from the Juang tribe in Odisha has brought remarkable social change by influencing her village to reconsider practices related to child health and child marriage. Her efforts highlight the growing awareness within tribal communities and the role of youth in driving progressive change, especially among Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs).

17. The indigenous Appemidi mango, known for its unique flavour and cultural significance, is facing increasing threats due to climate change in Karnataka’s Aghanashini valley. Despite receiving the Geographical Indication (GI) tag in 2009, experts warn that changing rainfall patterns and rising temperatures are affecting its survival, prompting urgent calls for conservation efforts in its natural habitat.

18. Barnawapara Wildlife Sanctuary in Chhattisgarh has recently witnessed the reintroduction of blackbucks into the Rampur grassland, marking an important conservation step. This initiative aims to restore ecological balance and revive native species populations in their natural habitat.

19. The FAO Food Price Index recorded an increase in March 2026, primarily driven by rising energy costs linked to escalating geopolitical tensions in the Middle East. The surge highlights the vulnerability of global food prices to external shocks such as conflicts and fuel price fluctuations, which directly affect production, transportation and supply chains.

20. In a recent incident, police rescued 16 Indian Softshell turtles in Greater Noida during a routine check, drawing attention to the persistent issue of illegal wildlife trade in India. The species, already under significant threat, is protected under stringent conservation laws, and such rescues underline the urgency of safeguarding aquatic biodiversity.

21. Air India Chief Executive Officer Campbell Wilson has reportedly stepped down from his position before completing his contractual tenure, which was scheduled to run until July 2027. The development comes at a crucial time for the airline, which has been undergoing a major transformation following its acquisition by the Tata Group.

22. India has reached a major milestone in its civil nuclear energy programme as the Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor (PFBR) at Kalpakkam, Tamil Nadu, attained criticality. This marks the initiation of a self-sustaining nuclear fission chain reaction, a crucial step before full-scale power generation. The development signifies India’s advancement into the second stage of its three-stage nuclear power programme.

23. On the occasion of World Health Day 2026, Prime Minister Narendra Modi extended greetings and expressed gratitude to healthcare workers worldwide. He acknowledged their relentless service and emphasised the collective responsibility to build a healthier and more inclusive society.

24. The first comprehensive analysis of the complete mitochondrial genome of the Madras hedgehog has provided fresh insights into the evolutionary lineage of this little-known species. The findings help bridge knowledge gaps about its genetic makeup and evolutionary adaptations, highlighting its ecological importance and unique survival strategies in India’s dry landscapes.

25. The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change has recently released draft rules to address the growing concern of tar balls along India’s coastline. These measures aim to mitigate the environmental and health risks posed by oil residues and strengthen coastal management practices, particularly along vulnerable regions of the western coast.

26. India has emerged as a rare outlier in an increasingly pessimistic global landscape, with a majority of its citizens expressing confidence in the country’s direction. The latest Ipsos “What Worries the World” survey for March 2026 highlights a stark contrast between India and many advanced economies, where public sentiment remains subdued amid geopolitical tensions, inflationary pressures, and economic uncertainties.

27. The Indian crested porcupine has recently been observed feeding on saffron corms beneath the soil in Kashmir, causing significant agricultural losses. By hollowing out the corms before they bloom, the species is emerging as a new threat to saffron cultivation, which is a vital source of livelihood in the region.

28. The Government e Marketplace (GeM) has reached a cumulative Gross Merchandise Value (GMV) of Rs. 18.4 lakh crore, with over Rs. 5 lakh crore achieved in the financial year 2025-26 alone. This milestone reflects the growing adoption of digital procurement systems in India and highlights the platform’s role in enhancing transparency and efficiency in public procurement.

29. Veteran Congress leader and former Union minister Mohsina Kidwai passed away on 8^th April 2026 at the age of 94. She died at a hospital in Noida after suffering from age-related ailments. A prominent figure in Indian politics, Kidwai’s long public life spanned several decades, during which she held key organisational and ministerial roles in the Indian National Congress.

30. The Uttarakhand High Court has recently stayed the felling of oak trees in Mussoorie, raising concerns over environmental conservation amid urban development. The decision came in response to tree-cutting activities planned by the Municipal Council for construction purposes. The move underscores the ecological importance of oak forests in the fragile Himalayan ecosystem.

31. A tagged Sanderling, a small migratory shorebird, has recently been recorded on Narcondam Island in the Andaman and Nicobar archipelago after travelling over 7,400 kilometres from South Australia. This rare sighting highlights the extraordinary migratory endurance of shorebirds and underscores the ecological importance of remote island habitats in supporting global bird migration routes.

32. IIM Rohtak secured first place at Hermes Dialogue 6.0, a national-level debate hosted by Birla Institute of Management Technology. The event brought together participants from leading institutions across India, with representation linked to 12 nations. It highlighted the increasing importance of global policy discussions within management education.

33. An India-flagged LPG carrier, “Green Asha”, successfully arrived at Mumbai’s Jawaharlal Nehru Port Authority (JNPA), marking a significant maritime development amid ongoing tensions in West Asia. The vessel carried 15,400 tonnes of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and safely navigated through the strategically sensitive Strait of Hormuz before berthing at the port’s liquid terminal.

34. President Droupadi Murmu has nominated veteran parliamentarian Harivansh Narayan Singh to the Rajya Sabha, ensuring his continuation in the Upper House after the end of his elected tenure on 9^th April 2026. The nomination comes against the backdrop of a vacancy created following the retirement of former Chief Justice of India Ranjan Gogoi from the nominated category.

35. Prime Minister Narendra Modi congratulated Janata Dal (United) leader Nitish Kumar on his return to Parliament as a Rajya Sabha Member of Parliament. The development marks Kumar’s re-entry into the Upper House after more than twenty years, highlighting a significant moment in his long political career.

36. The National Scheduled Tribes Finance and Development Corporation (NSTFDC) is set to celebrate its 25^th Foundation Day on 10^th April in New Delhi. The occasion highlights the institution’s role in promoting socio-economic upliftment and financial inclusion among Scheduled Tribes (STs) across India.

37. Vantara has announced the establishment of the world’s first integrated global university dedicated to wildlife conservation and veterinary sciences in Jamnagar, Gujarat. The initiative marks a significant step in advancing education, research, and training in animal welfare and conservation, aligning with India’s broader efforts to strengthen ecological sustainability.

38. India’s foreign exchange reserves recorded a strong recovery in early April 2026, reversing the sharp decline witnessed in the previous week. The latest data released by the Reserve Bank of India shows a significant rise driven largely by an increase in gold holdings, amid global financial volatility and geopolitical tensions.

39. Sundra, a remote village on the India-Pakistan border in Rajasthan’s Barmer district, has entered a new phase of life with the arrival of potable tap water from the Narmada canal network. The water has travelled about 728 km from the Sardar Sarovar system to reach the village, ending a long history of scarcity in one of the harshest desert regions of the state.

40. Rare sightings of the Woolly-Necked Stork have recently been reported from paddy fields near Thanjavur in Tamil Nadu, drawing attention to the presence of this near-threatened bird species in southern India. The sightings indicate the ecological importance of wetland and agricultural landscapes that continue to support diverse avifauna.

41. India’s electoral process drew significant international attention during the International Election Visitor’s Programme (IEVP) 2026, conducted alongside Assembly elections in Kerala, Puducherry and Assam. A total of 38 delegates from 22 countries observed the conduct of elections, praising the scale, organisation and public participation.

42. India’s Income Tax Department is set to resume reassessment proceedings against Tiger Global Management following a decisive ruling by the Supreme Court of India. Officials have clarified that recent amendments to tax rules under the General Anti-Avoidance Rules (GAAR) will not dilute the impact of the judgment, signalling continued enforcement in high-value cross-border tax disputes.

43. India has intensified its push towards securing critical mineral resources, with Union Minister G. Kishan Reddy announcing the successful auction of 46 mineral blocks and the launch of the seventh round offering 19 additional blocks. The move reflects the country’s strategic focus on reducing import dependency and strengthening economic resilience.

44. In a significant ruling highlighting misuse of legal processes in matrimonial disputes, the Supreme Court dissolved a marriage by invoking its extraordinary powers under Article 142 of the Constitution. The case involved a couple where the wife initially agreed to a mutual consent divorce and signed a financial settlement but later withdrew her consent after receiving a substantial portion of the agreed amount.

45. The life and ideas of B. R. Ambedkar have found a powerful resonance among the Roma community in Hungary, offering a model of social transformation and dignity. In the city of Miskolc, a school named after Ambedkar stands as a symbol of hope for an oppressed community seeking empowerment through education.

46. The Supreme Court on 13^th April 2026, issued notices to the Union Government and the Election Commission of India on a plea seeking the introduction of fingerprint and iris-based biometric verification at polling booths. The move aims to curb electoral malpractices such as duplicate and fraudulent voting, raising significant questions about feasibility, legality, and cost.

47. The Supreme Court on 14^th April 2026, emphasised that a person born in India holds a constitutional right to remain on the electoral roll and participate in voting. The observation came during hearings on the Special Intensive Revision (SIR) of voter lists in West Bengal, where large-scale deletions and pending appeals have raised concerns over electoral fairness.

48. The Supreme Court on 14^th April 2026, asked the Centre and State governments to clarify their position on providing free and compulsory education at the pre-primary level. The direction came while hearing a Public Interest Litigation seeking effective implementation of provisions under the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 and inclusion of early childhood education within the ambit of the Right to Education.

49. 14^th April 2026, marks both Ambedkar Jayanti and the Sikh festival of Baisakhi, bringing renewed focus on the shared anti-caste ideals of B. R. Ambedkar and Guru Nanak. While both traditions emphasise equality and dignity, the historical and social realities surrounding caste remain complex and layered.

50. In a remote corner of Chhattisgarh’s Bastar region, Nelangur village in Narayanpur district has witnessed a historic change with the arrival of household tap water. Located deep inside the forested Abujhmarh area, the village was long marked by isolation, lack of infrastructure and the shadow of Left-Wing Extremism.

51. The Uttar Pradesh government has announced an interim increase in minimum wages across categories following violent worker protests in Noida. The move comes amid rising demands for better pay and working conditions, especially after comparisons with higher wages in neighbouring states. The government has also clarified that reports of a uniform Rs. 20,000 minimum wage are incorrect.

52. The Union government has proposed a major expansion of the Lok Sabha, increasing its strength from 543 to 850 members. The move is linked to the implementation of women’s reservation and a fresh delimitation exercise. A draft Constitutional Amendment Bill has been circulated among Members of Parliament, with discussions expected during a special three-day session.

53. A devastating boiler explosion at a thermal power plant operated by Vedanta Limited in Sakti district of Chhattisgarh claimed at least 10 lives and left over 20 workers injured on 14^th April 2026. The incident occurred in Singhitarai village during routine operations, triggering chaos as workers scrambled to escape thick smoke and intense heat.

54. Bihar witnessed a major political transition on 15^th April 2026, as senior Bharatiya Janata Party leader Samrat Choudhary was sworn in as the 21^st Chief Minister of the state. The ceremony took place at Raj Bhavan in Patna, marking the end of Nitish Kumar’s long-standing dominance in Bihar politics and signalling the BJP’s direct leadership of the state government for the first time.

55. India is set to remain the world’s fastest-growing major economy in 2026, with the International Monetary Fund projecting a steady GDP growth rate of 6.5%. This outlook comes despite global uncertainties, including geopolitical tensions and inflationary pressures. The resilience of the Indian economy is largely attributed to strong domestic demand and a relatively stable macroeconomic environment.

56. Prime Minister Narendra Modi on 15^th April 2026, outlined a nine-point development agenda aimed at achieving “Viksit Karnataka” and contributing to the vision of a “Viksit Bharat”. Addressing a gathering at the Sri Aadichunchanagiri Mutt in Karnataka, he emphasised citizen participation, sustainability, and cultural values as key drivers of inclusive growth.

57. Prime Minister Narendra Modi on 15^th April 2026, inaugurated the Guru Bhairavaikya Mandira at Sri Kshetra Adichunchanagiri in Karnataka’s Mandya district. The visit marked a significant spiritual and cultural event, as the Prime Minister offered prayers and paid tribute to the legacy of a revered seer associated with the Adichunchanagiri Mahasamsthana Math.

58. India has set an ambitious goal to achieve self-sufficiency in cocoa production by 2040 under a comprehensive roadmap aimed at strengthening domestic output and reducing import dependence. With cocoa imports exceeding $866 million annually and demand steadily rising, the strategy seeks to transform India into a globally competitive cocoa economy aligned with the vision of Aatmanirbhar Bharat.

59. India’s rising global influence across diverse sectors has been underscored in TIME magazine’s 2026 list of the 100 most influential people. The prestigious annual compilation features prominent Indian personalities from entertainment, technology, and culinary arts, reflecting the country’s expanding cultural and intellectual footprint worldwide. Among the notable names are actor Ranbir Kapoor, Google CEO Sundar Pichai, and celebrated chef Vikas Khanna.

60. The Rajya Sabha has reconstituted its panel of Vice-Chairpersons, nominating six members from different political parties to preside over the House when required. The announcement was made on 16^th April 2026, by Secretary General P. C. Mody, with the new panel coming into effect from 15^th April.

61. The Government of India has approved a Special Economic Zone (SEZ) for the country’s first semiconductor fabrication plant, marking a major step towards building a domestic chip manufacturing ecosystem. The SEZ has been granted to Tata Semiconductor Manufacturing Private Ltd, which plans to invest approximately Rs. 91,000 crore in the project at Dholera, Gujarat.

62. The Supreme Court has clarified a key issue surrounding West Bengal’s Special Intensive Revision (SIR) of electoral rolls, ruling that voters whose appeals against exclusion are accepted by appellate tribunals will be eligible to vote in the upcoming Assembly elections. The decision comes amid political controversy and large-scale deletions from the voter list during the revision exercise.

63. The Supreme Court has clarified that persons who give dowry, including a bride and her family, cannot be prosecuted under the Dowry Prohibition Act if they are the aggrieved party in the dispute. The ruling came while rejecting a plea by a husband who wanted criminal action against his wife and in-laws after they stated in their complaint that dowry had been given at the time of marriage.

64. Meghalaya has moved to give fuller administrative recognition to its two major indigenous languages, Khasi and Garo. On 16^th April 2026, the state cabinet approved the Meghalaya Official Languages Ordinance, 2026, placing both languages on the same official footing as English. The step repeals the Meghalaya State Language Act, 2005, under which English had remained the sole official language while Khasi and Garo functioned only as associate official languages.

65. India has outlined an ambitious plan to expand its nuclear power capacity more than tenfold, from the current 8.8 gigawatt (GW) to 100 GW by 2047. The announcement was made by Ghanshyam Prasad, Chairperson of the Central Electricity Authority (CEA), highlighting the country’s long-term strategy to strengthen clean and stable energy sources as part of its development vision.

66. The Tipra Motha Party (TMP) has secured a strong victory in the Tripura Tribal Areas Autonomous District Council (TTAADC) elections, returning to power for a second consecutive term. The tribal-based regional party won 24 of the 28 elected seats, improving its performance from the 2021 elections. The result strengthens TMP’s position as the dominant political force in Tripura’s tribal regions and highlights its growing influence in state politics.

67. The women’s reservation framework has formally come into effect in the Union Territories of Jammu and Kashmir and Puducherry. The Union government notified 17^th April 2026, as the date for implementing provisions related to reservation of seats for women in their legislative assemblies. This follows the earlier notification of 16^th April 2026, for the commencement of the Constitution (106^th Amendment) Act, 2023, which provides one-third reservation for women in the Lok Sabha, state legislative assemblies, and the Delhi Assembly.

68. The failure of the Delimitation Bill in Parliament has triggered sharp political reactions, with Congress calling it a victory for democracy and the BJP terming it a setback for women’s political empowerment. The bill, linked to women’s reservation in Parliament and state assemblies, failed to secure the required two-thirds majority in the Lok Sabha, intensifying the debate over federalism, representation, and electoral reforms.

69. The Union Government has approved the Bharat Maritime Insurance Pool with a sovereign guarantee fund of Rs. 12,980 crore to strengthen India’s maritime insurance sector. The move comes amid rising geopolitical tensions in the Middle East, especially disruptions affecting major global shipping routes. The initiative aims to protect Indian shipping interests by ensuring stable insurance coverage and reducing dependence on foreign insurers.

70. India is set to witness a major milestone in its mining sector with the launch of the Jonnagiri gold project in Andhra Pradesh’s Kurnool district. This will be the country’s first large-scale private gold mine since Independence. The project marks an important step towards reducing India’s heavy dependence on imported gold and strengthening the vision of Aatmanirbhar Bharat in the mineral sector.

71. Delhi government has begun drafting a dedicated semiconductor policy to position the national capital as a major centre for chip design, research and advanced packaging. Chief Minister Rekha Gupta said the proposed framework is aimed at attracting global investment, expanding youth skilling and building an industry-ready ecosystem in line with the broader Atmanirbhar Bharat vision.

72. In a major step towards preserving India’s ancient cultural heritage, the foundation stone of the country’s first Petroglyph Conservation Park was laid in Ladakh on 19^th April 2026, coinciding with World Heritage Day. Lieutenant Governor Vinai Kumar Saxena inaugurated the project on the banks of the Indus River, highlighting the urgent need to protect Ladakh’s centuries-old rock carvings from growing threats such as tourism pressure, infrastructure development, and environmental damage.

73. The Odisha Steel Producer’s Association (OSPA), a newly formed industry body representing major steel and mining companies in the state, has unanimously elected former Odisha Chief Secretary Asit Tripathy as its President. The announcement was made during a meeting of member companies on 20^th April 2026. The association aims to strengthen industry coordination, improve stakeholder engagement, and support sustainable industrial growth in Odisha, India’s leading steel and iron ore producing state.

74. Prime Minister Narendra Modi is set to hold extensive bilateral talks with South Korean President Lee Jae Myung in New Delhi on 20^th April 2026, aimed at strengthening strategic, economic, and technological cooperation between the two nations. President Lee’s three-day State Visit to India marks his first official trip to the country and is expected to further deepen the India-South Korea Special Strategic Partnership built on shared democratic values and longstanding civilisational ties.

75. Two landfill sites in Telangana and Maharashtra have been listed among the world’s top 25 methane “super-polluters” in 2025, according to the report “Spotlight on the Top 25 Methane Plumes in 2025: Landfills” by UCLA’s STOP Methane Project. The findings highlight the growing climate and public health risks linked to landfill emissions, especially in rapidly urbanising regions where unmanaged waste generates large methane plumes.

76. India has set a national goal of establishing at least one blood centre in every district by December 2026 to ensure timely access to safe blood and reduce transfusion-related risks. The Health Ministry reviewed blood transfusion services across states and Union Territories and found that nearly 10% of districts still do not have a blood centre, highlighting major infrastructure and service delivery gaps.

77. Former Chief Minister of undivided Andhra Pradesh and Telugu Desam Party (TDP) co-founder Nadendla Bhaskara Rao passed away in Hyderabad on 22^nd April 2026, at the age of 90. He was undergoing treatment for age-related ailments at a private super-speciality hospital. Known for one of the most dramatic political episodes in Andhra Pradesh history, he served as Chief Minister for just 31 days in 1984 during a major political revolt against N. T. Rama Rao (NTR).

78. Andhra Pradesh presented its Integrated Clean Energy Policy at the ongoing World Climate Cities Forum in Yeosu, South Korea, highlighting the state’s ambition to become a global clean energy hub. Tirupati Urban Development Authority (TUDA) Chairman C. Divakar Reddy led the delegation and emphasised Chief Minister N. Chandrababu Naidu’s vision of achieving net-zero emissions by 2047 while ensuring reliable and affordable electricity for all consumers.

79. The Union government is likely to review the 26% voting rights cap in banks under the Banking Regulation Act, 1949, as part of efforts to attract long-term strategic and foreign capital into the banking sector. The proposed move is expected to be examined by a high-level banking committee formed under the broader Viksit Bharat vision, with the aim of making Indian banks more globally competitive and investment-friendly.

80. Shekha Jheel Bird Sanctuary in Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, has been designated as India’s 99^th Ramsar site, marking another major step in the country’s wetland conservation efforts. With this recognition, Uttar Pradesh now has 12 Ramsar sites, the highest among Indian states, further strengthening its ecological importance.

81. Bagalkot University in Karnataka will confer honorary doctorates on noted space scientist S. Nambi Narayanan, religious leader Sri Gurumahanth Swami of Chittaragi Shri Vijaya Mahantesha Samsthana Math, and tech entrepreneur-philanthropist Mahesh Bellad. The honours will be awarded during the university’s first convocation ceremony, marking an important milestone for the young institution established in 2023.

82. The Rajasthan health department has ordered the immediate withdrawal of seven medicines after laboratory testing found them to be substandard. The action was taken by the Commissionerate of Food Safety and Drugs Control to protect public health and prevent the use of poor-quality medicines that could lead to treatment failure and serious health risks.

83. Shiv Ratan Agarwal, the promoter, chairman and whole-time director of Bikaji Foods International, passed away at the age of 74 following a heart attack. He was widely recognised for transforming Bikaji from a regional snacks business in Bikaner into one of India’s leading ethnic snacks companies and a globally known FMCG brand.

84. Uttar Pradesh has received India’s first integrated recycling facility for lithium-ion batteries and rare earth magnets at the UPSIDC Industrial Area in Sikandrabad. Developed by Rocklink India, the plant is a major step toward strengthening domestic recovery of critical minerals and supporting India’s clean energy transition.

85. In a significant judgment, the Supreme Court allowed a 15-year-old girl to medically terminate her 31-week pregnancy, stressing that reproductive autonomy is a fundamental right under Article 21 of the Constitution. The Court said forcing a minor to continue an unwanted pregnancy would violate her dignity, privacy and personal liberty.

86. The Supreme Court has held that the right to safe travel on National Highways is part of the fundamental Right to Life guaranteed under Article 21 of the Constitution. The ruling highlights that road safety is not merely an administrative concern but a constitutional obligation of the State. The Court emphasised that citizens have the right to travel without facing preventable dangers caused by poor road conditions, illegal parking, or unauthorised roadside structures.

87. Raghu Rai, one of India’s most celebrated photographers and among the finest visual chroniclers of independent India, has passed away at the age of 83. His family announced his death on Sunday (26^th April 2026), describing him as “our beloved”. Rai’s work documented some of the most defining moments in India’s modern history, preserving national memory through powerful visual storytelling.

88. The Supreme Court-appointed expert committee has framed minimum standards for Intensive Care Units (ICUs) across hospitals in India, creating a uniform benchmark for infrastructure, staffing and patient care. The move aims to ensure that hospitals claiming to have ICU facilities meet essential clinical and safety requirements, especially for critically ill patients.

89. Ladakh Lieutenant Governor Vinai Kumar Saxena has approved the creation of five new districts in the Union Territory, marking a major administrative change. The move fulfils a long-pending demand of local residents and is expected to improve governance in one of India’s most strategically important border regions.

90. India has formally submitted its new Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) for the 2031-35 period to the United Nations climate body under the Paris Agreement. The updated pledges focus on increasing clean energy capacity, reducing emissions intensity and expanding carbon sinks through forests and tree cover.

91. The Supreme Court has observed that quitting a live-in relationship is not a criminal offence if the relationship was consensual. While hearing the plea of a woman who had lived with a man for 15 years and had a child with him, the court said that emotional hardship alone cannot turn a consensual relationship into a criminal case.

92. Symbiosis Skills and Professional University (SSPU), Pune, has launched Asia’s first UNESCO Chair on Gender Inclusion and Skill Development. The initiative was announced during the international conference titled “Women Leading the Future of Work”, organised in collaboration with UNESCO.

93. India has launched its first official Formula 1 Sim Racing Championship, marking a major step in linking esports with professional motorsport. Formula 1 and Mumbai Falcons Racing Limited have introduced the F1 Sim Racing India Open 2026, creating a structured national platform for virtual racers across the country.

94. The 17^th annual Old Seed Festival held in Killoguda village of the Araku region in Andhra Pradesh highlighted the importance of conserving indigenous seed diversity and strengthening natural farming practices. Organised by the Sanjeevini organisation, the event brought together Adivasi farmers, researchers, environmentalists, and civil society representatives to celebrate traditional agriculture and tribal biodiversity.

95. The Agriculture and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (APEDA) will establish a basmati and organic training centre along with a demonstration farm in Pilibhit district of Uttar Pradesh. The project has moved forward after the transfer of 7 acres of land at the government agriculture farm in Tanda Bijesi village.

96. The Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) has proposed a complete ban on plastic packaging for pan masala, gutka and similar products. The draft amendment to the Food Safety and Standards (Packaging) Regulations, 2018 aims to replace single-use plastic sachets with eco-friendly alternatives such as paper, paperboard, cellulose and other naturally derived materials.

97. In a first-of-its-kind step in India, Bengaluru City Police have upgraded the Namma 112 emergency response system with a multilingual AI solution. The move aims to remove language barriers during emergencies and ensure faster and more accurate police assistance for all residents and visitors.

98. The Supreme Court has observed that stronger enforcement of existing laws, rather than the creation of new laws, is essential to tackle hate speech and hate crimes in India. The court stated that such offences continue to disturb social harmony because of weak implementation and delayed police action, not due to the absence of legal provisions.

99. The National Medical Commission (NMC) has introduced a major policy change by removing key restrictions on MBBS seat expansion in medical colleges across India. Through a gazette notification issued on 27^th April 2026, the commission amended its 2023 regulations for new medical colleges and expansion of existing courses.

100. The Union government has approved the appointment of Justice Anupinder Singh Grewal, a former judge of the Punjab and Haryana High Court, as the President of the National Company Law Tribunal (NCLT). The decision resolves an ongoing legal dispute regarding the appointment of the tribunal’s acting president and brings clarity to its leadership structure.

101. The National Institute of Ocean Technology (NIOT) is set to enhance coastal surveillance along Puducherry’s Karaikal region by installing a high-frequency (HF) radar system. The initiative aims to strengthen real-time ocean observation, improve weather forecasting accuracy, and support early warning systems for extreme events such as cyclones.

102. India will implement a new regulatory framework for online gaming from 1^st May 2026, under the Promotion and Regulation of Online Gaming Act, 2025. The move is aimed at controlling harmful online money games while encouraging the safe growth of e-sports and digital entertainment. The government has stated that the law seeks to balance innovation with user protection and strengthen India’s position as a global gaming hub.

103. A fresh controversy has emerged in Maharashtra over the enforcement of a rule mandating autorickshaw drivers to know Marathi. The state government has announced strict implementation of the provision from 1^st May 2026, triggering protests from driver unions and opposition parties. The debate has brought language, employment, and regional identity issues back into focus.

104. India is set to implement Corporate Average Fuel Efficiency-III (CAFE-III) norms from 1^st April 2027, tightening emission standards for passenger vehicles. Alongside stricter fuel efficiency targets, the government has proposed a draft mechanism allowing automobile manufacturers to trade carbon credits, including direct purchases from the Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE).

105. India will host Vietnam’s President To Lam on a state visit from 5^th to 7^th May, marking a significant step in strengthening bilateral ties. The visit comes at a crucial time as both nations seek to deepen cooperation across strategic, economic, and regional domains.

Current Affair of April 2026

International

1. Nigeria has introduced a green tax surcharge on high-emission vehicles as part of its 2026 fiscal policy reforms, signalling a major shift towards fuel-efficient and electric mobility. The policy, signed by Finance Minister Wale Edun on 1^st April 2026, will come into effect from 1^st July 2026.

2. A humpback whale recently stranded in the Baltic Sea near Germany has managed to swim free, drawing attention from marine experts and conservationists. The whale had entered shallow coastal waters, an unusual and risky environment for the species. Despite repeated strandings, it eventually navigated back towards deeper waters, raising cautious optimism about its survival.

3. Spain has recently closed its airspace to American aircraft involved in military operations against Iran, signalling a cautious stance amid rising geopolitical tensions. The move reflects Spain’s strategic balancing between its NATO commitments and concerns over escalation in West Asia. It also highlights the role of European nations in regulating military transit within their sovereign airspace.

4. Thailand is gearing up to host the prestigious IMF-World Bank Annual Meetings in October 2026, marking a significant return after 35 years since it last hosted the event in 1991. Held annually, these meetings rotate between Washington, D.C., and a member country every third year, symbolising global cooperation and regional representation.

5. Costa Rica has introduced a free mobile application to help users quickly identify venomous snakes and reduce risks associated with misidentification. Developed by the Universidad de Costa Rica’s Clodomiro Picado Institute, the ICP App provides scientific, easy-to-access information for both residents and tourists.

6. A powerful 7.4-magnitude earthquake struck eastern Indonesia in the early hours of 2^nd April, causing casualties, structural damage, and brief tsunami concerns across the region. The tremor occurred in the seismically active Molucca Sea, located between Sulawesi and Maluku islands, prompting immediate emergency responses and regional alerts.

7. The 7^th round of Foreign Office Consultations between India and Algeria was recently held in Algiers, reflecting the growing diplomatic engagement between the two countries. The discussions focused on enhancing cooperation in areas such as energy, trade, and regional security, underlining Algeria’s strategic importance in North Africa.

8. The snowy owl has recently been granted international protection under the U.N. Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS). This move highlights growing global concern over the declining population of this iconic Arctic bird, driven by climate change and habitat disruptions.

9. A recent multi-institutional study involving 830 adult patients with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia (ALL) has revealed that nearly one in ten patients carries a mutation in the TP53 gene. This finding is significant as such genetic mutations are often associated with poor prognosis and may influence treatment strategies in managing this aggressive blood cancer.

10. Myanmar’s parliament has elected military leader Min Aung Hlaing as president, consolidating the authority he has held since the 2021 coup that removed the civilian government. While projected as a constitutional transition, the development effectively maintains military dominance over the country’s political system.

11. Mongolia’s parliament has confirmed Uchral Nyam-Osor as the country’s new prime minister, marking the third leadership change within nine months. The appointment follows the resignation of his predecessor amid political deadlock and internal divisions within the ruling Mongolian People’s Party (MPP).

12. India recently condemned the killing of three Indonesian peacekeepers serving under the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL), highlighting the risks faced by global peacekeeping forces. The incident has brought renewed attention to UNIFIL’s role in maintaining stability in a conflict-prone region of West Asia.

13. Recent minor earthquakes in the Aegean Sea region near Turkey and Greece were accompanied by unusual glowing lights in the sky, drawing scientific attention to the phenomenon known as earthquake lights. These rare visual events have been reported historically in seismic zones and continue to intrigue researchers studying the link between geological stress and atmospheric effects.

14. Recent reports indicate the spread of Newcastle Disease across Europe, prompting poultry producers in the United Kingdom to enhance surveillance and biosecurity measures. The disease, known for its rapid transmission and severe impact on bird populations, poses significant risks to the poultry industry and food security.

15. India has extended humanitarian assistance to Burkina Faso by dispatching 1,000 metric tonnes of rice, reflecting its commitment to global food security and South-South cooperation. The aid comes at a time when several African nations, including Burkina Faso, are facing food shortages and economic challenges.

16. The United Nations Security Council (UNSC) vote on a resolution aimed at securing the Strait of Hormuz has been postponed once again and is now expected to take place next week. The delay follows an earlier shift from 3^rd to 4^th April, reflecting ongoing diplomatic disagreements among key global powers. The Strait of Hormuz remains a critical maritime chokepoint, central to global energy and trade flows, making the outcome of the resolution highly consequential.

17. A major new study has found that individuals living with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) face a significantly higher risk of cardiovascular events or death from any cause. The findings, to be presented at the European Congress on Obesity (ECO) 2026 in Istanbul, highlight the growing health burden linked to sleep disorders, particularly among individuals with obesity.

18. India and Azerbaijan recently held discussions in Baku to comprehensively review their bilateral relations, focusing on areas of mutual interest such as trade, energy, and regional cooperation. The meeting reflects growing diplomatic engagement between the two nations and highlights Azerbaijan’s strategic importance in Eurasian geopolitics.

19. India has dispatched Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief (HADR) materials to Afghanistan in response to the severe crisis caused by recent floods and earthquakes. The move reflects India’s continued commitment to supporting the Afghan people during humanitarian emergencies, despite ongoing geopolitical complexities in the region.

20. Bangladesh has initiated an emergency vaccination campaign targeting over one million children amid a rapidly spreading measles outbreak. The surge in cases has raised public health concerns, prompting urgent immunisation efforts to contain the disease and prevent severe complications, particularly among vulnerable groups.

21. Vietnam’s National Assembly has unanimously elected Communist Party General Secretary To Lam as the country’s state president for a five-year term, marking a significant political shift. The move consolidates the two most powerful positions in Vietnam under one leader, breaking from the country’s long-standing tradition of collective leadership and signalling a new phase in its governance model.

22. The European Union Parliament has recently approved updated water pollution standards, bringing Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) under stricter monitoring. This move reflects growing global concern over these persistent chemicals, often termed “forever chemicals”, due to their long-lasting presence in the environment and potential risks to human health.

23. The United Arab Emirates and Bahrain have entered into a major currency swap agreement valued at AED 20 billion (BHD 2 billion), reinforcing financial cooperation and regional economic ties. The agreement, signed on 8^th April 2026 by the respective central banks, is set for a duration of five years and aims to enhance monetary coordination between the two Gulf nations.

24. Leading global institutions have raised concerns over a potential surge in food insecurity due to escalating geopolitical tensions in West Asia. In a joint statement released on 9^th April 2026, the International Monetary Fund, World Bank, and the United Nations World Food Programme highlighted the growing risks posed by disruptions in global energy markets.

25. North Korea has claimed that its latest series of missile launches involved advanced weapons, including ballistic missiles equipped with cluster-bomb warheads. The announcement, made through state media on 9^th April 2026, follows multiple missile tests detected by South Korea over two consecutive days. The development signals Pyongyang’s continued push to enhance its nuclear-capable arsenal amid rising regional tensions.

26. India has reportedly withdrawn its bid to host the 33^rd Conference of Parties (COP33) scheduled for 2028, marking a significant shift in its recent climate diplomacy stance. The decision comes despite earlier indications of interest, with Prime Minister Narendra Modi having announced India’s intent to host the summit during COP28 in Dubai in 2023.

27. The United Arab Emirates has marked a significant milestone in global digital infrastructure by launching the world’s first commercial upper 6GHz (U6GHz) internet network. Announced at the SAMENA Council Leader’s Summit 2026, the initiative positions the UAE as the first “10 giga” nation, signalling a major leap in next-generation connectivity.

28. A major archaeological survey in Greece has uncovered over 200 ancient sites, offering insights into nearly 6,000 years of continuous human activity. Conducted in the Eretrian plain region of Evia, the discovery highlights the long-standing rural and economic networks that sustained communities from prehistoric times to the modern era.

29. Global climate indicators for March 2026 have raised concerns, with record heat levels and rising sea surface temperatures pointing towards a possible El Nino event by mid-year. Data from international climate agencies highlights the accelerating pace of global warming and its widespread impacts.

30. In a significant diplomatic development, Israel and Lebanon have established their first direct contact, signalling a potential shift in relations amid escalating tensions in West Asia. The move comes against the backdrop of ongoing military actions and parallel ceasefire efforts involving global stakeholders.

31. The United Kingdom has temporarily suspended its plan to transfer the Chagos Archipelago to Mauritius after facing renewed opposition from the United States under President Donald Trump. The decision has stalled a major 2025 agreement that sought to resolve a decades-old sovereignty dispute while safeguarding key military interests in the Indian Ocean region.

32. The Indian LPG tanker Jag Vikram has successfully crossed the strategically vital Strait of Hormuz, becoming the first India-flagged vessel to transit the route following the announcement of a temporary ceasefire between the United States and Iran. The development signals a cautious resumption of maritime activity through one of the world’s most critical energy corridors.

33. A recent study has highlighted a growing ecological concern in the Arctic, where declining lichen availability is threatening the survival of caribou populations during harsh winters. Lichen, a primary winter food source for caribou, is diminishing due to climate change and environmental stress, potentially disrupting the fragile Arctic ecosystem.

34. Russia has officially designated Stanford University as an “undesirable organisation”, escalating its crackdown on foreign academic institutions. The move, announced by the Russian Ministry of Justice, makes any association with the university illegal for Russian citizens and exposes students to potential criminal prosecution.

35. India has strongly rejected China’s latest move to rename places in Arunachal Pradesh, terming it a “mischievous attempt” and asserting that such actions cannot change ground realities. The Ministry of External Affairs reiterated that Arunachal Pradesh “was, is, and will always remain” an integral part of India, firmly dismissing Beijing’s claims.

36. India is preparing to host a crucial BRICS engagement that will bring Iran and the United Arab Emirates together for direct discussions amid ongoing tensions in West Asia. The meeting comes at a sensitive time, as regional instability continues to impact global energy markets and geopolitical alignments.

37. Hungary has witnessed a historic political shift as Peter Magyar secured a decisive electoral victory, ending Viktor Orban’s 16-year rule. The outcome marks a dramatic transformation in the country’s political landscape, with voters delivering a strong mandate for change. The high turnout reflects widespread public engagement and a clear desire to move beyond the long-standing dominance of Orban’s leadership.

38. Israel has appointed Major General Roman Gofman as the new head of its foreign intelligence agency, marking an unconventional leadership choice. The decision, formalised on 13^th April 2026, places a career army officer with no prior intelligence experience at the helm of the Mossad. Gofman will officially assume office on 2^nd June 2026, succeeding David Barnea after the completion of his five-year tenure.

39. North Korea has conducted a fresh round of missile tests involving strategic cruise and anti-ship weapons, signalling continued efforts to strengthen its naval combat capabilities. The launches were carried out from a naval destroyer as part of operational trials, according to state media reports released on 14^th April 2026.

40. Australia has announced a landmark shift in its military leadership by appointing Lieutenant General Susan Coyle as the first woman to head the Australian Army in its 125-year history. The decision forms part of a broader leadership reshuffle within the country’s defence forces and reflects ongoing efforts to modernise and diversify the military.

41. The incoming presidency of the 31^st Conference of the Parties (COP31) to the UNFCCC has unveiled an ambitious roadmap aimed at reshaping global climate governance. Led by Turkiye, the vision focuses on implementation, inclusivity, and stronger multilateral cooperation at a time when climate risks are intensifying worldwide. The summit, scheduled to be held in Antalya.

42. China is advancing plans for a massive 120-kilometre undersea high-speed rail tunnel across the Bohai Strait, aiming to connect the coastal cities of Dalian and Yantai in just 40 minutes. The proposed project, known as the Bohai Strait Cross-Sea Channel, represents one of the most ambitious infrastructure concepts under evaluation in the country’s expanding transport network.

43. India’s trade dynamics witnessed a significant shift in the financial year 2025-26, with China overtaking the United States to become the country’s largest trading partner. This development reflects changing global economic patterns and India’s continued reliance on Chinese imports, even as exports show notable growth.

44. Veteran global investor Mark Mobius passed away at the age of 89 on 15^th April in Singapore, marking the end of a distinguished career that reshaped how investors approached developing economies. Widely regarded as a pioneer in emerging market investments, Mobius gained global recognition for his unconventional strategies and deep on-ground insights into markets often ignored by mainstream investors.

45. Prime Minister Narendra Modi held bilateral talks with Austrian Chancellor Christian Stocker in New Delhi on 16^th April 2026, marking a significant step in strengthening India-Austria relations. The visit, Stocker’s first official trip to India, comes after four decades of such high-level engagement and signals renewed momentum in diplomatic and economic cooperation between the two nations.

46. China has resumed imports of broken rice from India despite recently rejecting several consignments over alleged traces of genetically modified organisms (GMOs). The renewed trade activity comes at a time when Indian rice remains competitively priced in the global market, even as logistical costs rise due to geopolitical tensions.

47. Tensions in West Asia remain volatile despite the announcement of a temporary ceasefire between Israel and Lebanon. The 10-day truce, declared to begin at 21:00 GMT, follows diplomatic efforts led by the United States. However, developments on the ground indicate continued hostilities, raising doubts over the durability of the agreement and the broader prospects for regional de-escalation.

48. The Philippines has joined a United States-led initiative, “Pax Silica”, aimed at securing global semiconductor and technology supply chains. The move marks a significant step in reshaping industrial partnerships amid rising geopolitical tensions and growing demand for advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence and chip manufacturing.

49. India has officially withdrawn its bid to host the COP33 United Nations climate summit scheduled for 2028, marking a surprising shift in its global climate engagement strategy. The announcement, made on 17^th April 2026, comes despite earlier strong diplomatic backing and preparations, raising questions about the country’s climate leadership ambitions. While the government has reiterated its commitment to climate goals, it has not provided detailed reasons for the withdrawal.

50. Global space exploration is set for a major milestone as Elon Musk’s SpaceX prepares to launch the Rosalind Franklin rover to Mars in 2028. The mission, part of the European-led ExoMars programme, aims to search for signs of past or present life on the Red Planet. After facing multiple delays, the renewed collaboration marks a significant step forward in international space cooperation.

51. India and China held their first bilateral consultations under the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) on 16^th – 17^th April 2026, marking another step in the gradual normalisation of ties after the eastern Ladakh military standoff eased in 2024. The discussions reflected both countrie’s efforts to strengthen engagement in multilateral forums while maintaining strategic caution.

52. Australia and Japan have signed a major $7 billion defence agreement for the supply of advanced stealth warships to the Royal Australian Navy, marking one of Japan’s largest military export deals in recent decades. The agreement reflects deepening strategic cooperation between the two Indo-Pacific partners amid rising regional security concerns and growing Chinese naval presence in the region.

53. India and Austria have strengthened their economic partnership by launching a bilateral Fast-Track Mechanism (FTM) during the India-Austria Business Forum held in New Delhi. The initiative aims to improve investment flows, resolve business-related challenges, and deepen bilateral trade ties. The development gains significance as it coincides with the first official visit by an Austrian Chancellor to India in more than 40 years.

54. Vice-President of India C. P. Radhakrishnan visited Sri Lanka on 19^th April 2026, marking the first-ever visit by an Indian Vice-President to the island nation. During his two-day visit to Colombo, he met Sri Lankan President Anura Kumara Dissanayake and discussed key bilateral issues, including housing projects, Cyclone Ditwah rehabilitation, and the long-pending fishermen dispute between the two neighbours.

55. Former Union Minister Dinesh Trivedi has been appointed as India’s new High Commissioner to Bangladesh, signalling New Delhi’s strong diplomatic focus on its eastern neighbour. The appointment is significant because such posts are usually given to senior Indian Foreign Service officers, but this time the government has chosen an experienced political leader with deep administrative and regional understanding.

56. India and Russia have operationalised the Reciprocal Exchange of Logistics Agreement, or RELOS, giving both countries access to each other’s military bases, ports and air facilities in war and peacetime. The pact marks a major step in bilateral defence cooperation and reflects India’s continuing strategy of strengthening military partnerships with multiple major powers without entering a formal alliance structure.

57. Moody’s Ratings has lowered India’s GDP growth forecast for FY27 to 6% from its earlier estimate of 6.8%, citing weaker consumer demand, slower industrial output and rising energy costs linked to the West Asia conflict. The agency said that higher oil and gas prices, along with disruptions in supply chains, could increase India’s import bill and create inflationary pressure. However, India’s strong foreign exchange reserves and services exports are expected to provide some stability.

58. Prime Minister Narendra Modi and South Korean President Lee Jae Myung on 20^th April 2026 outlined a stronger roadmap for bilateral cooperation, focusing on sectors ranging from semiconductors to shipbuilding, digital technology, entertainment, and trade. During a joint press briefing in New Delhi, both leaders emphasised a “win-win partnership” that aims to deepen the Special Strategic Partnership between India and South Korea and significantly boost economic cooperation in the coming years.

59. Former Bulgarian President Rumen Radev’s Progressive Bulgaria party has secured a landslide victory in the country’s parliamentary elections, marking a major political shift in the European Union and NATO member state. Official results showed the party winning nearly 44.7% of the vote, one of the strongest performances by a single political force in Bulgaria in decades. The result could significantly reshape Bulgaria’s foreign and domestic policy direction.

60. Pakistan has reportedly frozen a major $1.5 billion defence deal with Sudan after objections from Saudi Arabia, according to a Reuters report. The agreement involved the sale of weapons and military jets to Sudan and was said to be in its final stages in January 2026. The development highlights the growing influence of Gulf powers over Pakistan’s defence and foreign policy decisions.

61. Japan has approved a major shift in its postwar security policy by removing restrictions on the export of lethal weapons. Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi’s Cabinet cleared the final hurdles for arms sales involving fighter jets, missiles and warships, marking a significant departure from Japan’s long-standing pacifist approach after World War II. The decision reflects Tokyo’s response to growing regional security concerns and its effort to strengthen defence partnerships.

62. India and South Korea have signed 16 Memorandums of Understanding (MoUs) across sectors such as semiconductors, green energy, e-mobility and advanced manufacturing, aiming to double bilateral trade to 54 billion US dollars by 2030. The agreements were signed during South Korean President Lee Jae-myung’s visit to India and his talks with Prime Minister Narendra Modi. The partnership comes at a time of rising inflation risks, energy insecurity and global supply chain disruptions caused by geopolitical tensions.

63. The United Kingdom has passed a landmark tobacco and vapes bill that will permanently ban people born on or after 1^st January 2009 from legally buying tobacco products. The legislation has now cleared Parliament and will become law after receiving royal assent next week. The government says the move is aimed at creating a “smoke-free generation” and reducing the long-term health and economic burden caused by smoking.

64. Larsen and Toubro (L&T) has signed a long-term agreement with Japan’s ITOCHU Corporation for the annual supply of 3,00,000 tonnes of green ammonia, marking another major step in India’s clean energy export ambitions. The deal will be executed through L&T Energy GreenTech and supports India’s broader strategy of becoming a global supplier of green hydrogen and its derivatives such as green ammonia.

65. The European Union has approved a €90 billion financial assistance package for Ukraine along with its 20^th round of sanctions against Russia after Hungary withdrew its opposition. The move reflects renewed unity within the bloc as Brussels continues to strengthen support for Kyiv and increase pressure on Moscow during the ongoing war.

66. Pakistan has announced the successful test of its indigenously developed anti-ship weapon system, the “Taimoor” air-launched cruise missile, just a week after testing an anti-ship ballistic missile. The latest missile trial reflects Islamabad’s continued focus on strengthening naval strike capabilities and maritime defence preparedness in the region.

67. Turkiye’s Parliament has passed a new Bill aimed at restricting access to social media platforms for children under the age of 15. The move reflects a growing global trend where governments are introducing stricter digital safety laws for minors. The legislation comes amid rising concern over harmful online content, cyberbullying, addiction and exposure to unsafe digital spaces.

68. Finland is preparing to operationalise the world’s first permanent underground repository for highly radioactive nuclear waste. Located beneath Olkiluoto Island, the Onkalo facility is designed to safely store spent nuclear fuel for up to 1,00,000 years. The project marks a major step in solving one of nuclear energy’s biggest long-term challenges-safe disposal of radioactive waste.

69. India and New Zealand will sign a Free Trade Agreement (FTA) on 27^th April 2026, marking a major step in strengthening bilateral economic ties. The agreement will provide Indian exporters with 100% duty-free access to the New Zealand market, while tariffs on 95% of imports from New Zealand will either be removed or significantly reduced.

70. Chinese researchers have discovered a new lunar mineral named Cerium-Magnesium Changesite, marking the 11^th known mineral identified from the Moon. The finding was announced by the China Geological Survey and is considered a major development in extraterrestrial geology. Scientists believe the mineral could help improve high-efficiency LED technology and deepen understanding of lunar formation.

71. Former Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte will stand trial at the International Criminal Court (ICC) after judges confirmed charges of crimes against humanity linked to his controversial “war on drugs”. The case is considered one of the most significant international criminal proceedings involving a former Asian head of state in recent years.

72. China has announced that it will send two giant pandas to Zoo Atlanta in the United States, continuing its long-standing panda diplomacy programme. The move comes despite ongoing tensions between Washington and Beijing and ahead of a planned visit by US President Donald Trump to China in May 2026.

73. The World Health Organization (WHO) has granted prequalification approval to the first malaria treatment specifically designed for newborns and infants. The medicine, artemether-lumefantrine, marks a major step in reducing malaria deaths among the youngest and most vulnerable children, especially in Africa where the disease remains a major public health challenge.

74. China has reported a major breakthrough in battery technology with the development of a stable all-iron flow battery that could significantly reduce the cost of large-scale energy storage. Researchers from the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) have created a new electrolyte system that allows the battery to operate for more than 6,000 charge-discharge cycles without any capacity loss.

75. The United States has imposed a steep preliminary anti-dumping duty of 123.04% on solar cell and module imports from India, creating major challenges for Indian solar manufacturers. When combined with earlier countervailing duties, the total tariff burden rises beyond 234%. This move is part of a broader US strategy to protect domestic solar manufacturing and reduce dependence on cheaper imported products from Asia.

76. Pakistan and China have signed three new Memorandums of Understanding (MoUs) to deepen bilateral cooperation in water desalination, agricultural technology and the tea industry. The agreements were signed during President Asif Ali Zardari’s week-long visit to China, reflecting growing economic coordination between the two countries.

77. India and New Zealand are set to sign a landmark free trade agreement (FTA) on 27^th April in New Delhi, marking a significant step in strengthening bilateral economic ties. The agreement, finalised after negotiations concluded in December last year, aims to boost trade, enhance market access and attract substantial long-term investment.

78. United Nations General Assembly President Annalena Baerbock will visit India on 28^th April to strengthen multilateral cooperation and discuss key global issues. Her visit reflects India’s growing importance in international diplomacy and the United Nations system.

79. The University of Oxford and the Serum Institute of India (SII) have signed a licensing agreement to develop and manufacture R78C, a next-generation malaria vaccine candidate. The partnership is expected to strengthen global efforts against malaria, a disease that continues to cause high mortality, especially among children in sub-Saharan Africa.

80. France has unveiled a detailed national roadmap to phase out fossil fuels by 2050, becoming one of the first countries to set clear deadlines for ending the use of coal, oil and gas. The announcement was made at the International Conference on the Just Transition Away from Fossil Fuels in Santa Marta, Colombia.

81. Bangladesh has entered the final stage before nuclear power generation as uranium fuel loading began at Unit-1 of the Rooppur Nuclear Power Plant. This marks a historic milestone in the country’s energy sector and brings Bangladesh closer to becoming the world’s 33^rd nation to generate electricity through nuclear energy.

82. The joint India-US Earth observation mission, NISAR, has revealed alarming rates of land subsidence in Mexico City, highlighting the growing environmental risks faced by one of the world’s largest urban centres. The findings demonstrate the satellite’s advanced capability to monitor subtle yet critical changes in Earth’s surface with high precision.

83. India has expanded its humanitarian outreach by deploying the Aarogya Maitri portable healthcare system in Jamaica, marking a significant step in strengthening ties with Caribbean nations. The initiative reflects India’s growing focus on technology-driven healthcare assistance under its Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief (HADR) framework, reinforcing its role as a reliable global partner.

84. China has announced zero-tariff treatment for all African countries that maintain diplomatic ties with Beijing, starting from 1^st May 2026. The move is aimed at strengthening China-Africa trade relations and improving market access for African exports.

85. The United Arab Emirates has announced that it will leave OPEC and OPEC+ from 1^st May 2026, marking a major shift in global energy politics. The decision comes during a period of severe instability in oil markets caused by the US-Israel war on Iran and disruptions in the Strait of Hormuz.

86. India is set to host the BRICS Foreign Minister’s Meeting in New Delhi in May 2026, marking a key milestone under its current chairmanship of the bloc. The meeting will serve as a precursor to the 18^th BRICS Summit and comes at a time of heightened geopolitical uncertainty and expanding membership within the grouping.

87. India’s online gaming sector will come under a new regulatory framework as the Online Gaming Authority of India (OGAI) becomes operational from 1^st May 2026. The authority has been established under the Promotion and Regulation of Online Gaming Act, 2025, with the aim of creating a structured and transparent system for online gaming in the country.

88. Apple Chief Executive Officer Tim Cook will step down from his leadership role on 1^th September 2026, ending a 15-year tenure that transformed the company into one of the world’s most valuable technology giants. Apple has named senior executive John Ternus as the next CEO, marking a major leadership transition for the company as it enters a new era shaped by artificial intelligence and next-generation hardware innovation.

Current Affair of April 2026

Defence

1. The Indian Navy has inducted ‘Malwan’, the second Anti-Submarine Warfare Shallow Water Craft (ASW SWC), built by Cochin Shipyard Limited, Kochi. The induction marks a key step in strengthening India’s coastal surveillance and underwater defence capabilities. It is part of an eight-vessel programme aimed at enhancing operational readiness in shallow and littoral waters.

2. The Indian Navy has recently received ‘Sanshodhak’ (Yard 3028), the fourth and final Survey Vessel (Large) under a key indigenous shipbuilding programme. Delivered by Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers Ltd (GRSE), Kolkata, the vessel strengthens India’s hydrographic capabilities and supports both defence and civil maritime operations.

3. India has strengthened its strategic deterrence with the commissioning of INS Aridhaman, its third indigenous nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarine (SSBN). The induction marks a significant milestone in India’s efforts to enhance its underwater nuclear capabilities, completing the triad of land, air, and sea-based nuclear delivery systems.

4. Amid escalating tensions in West Asia and disruptions in the Strait of Hormuz, the Indian Navy has launched a significant maritime initiative to reinforce regional security. INS Sunayna has been flagged off as the Indian Ocean Ship (IOS) SAGAR from Mumbai, signalling India’s commitment to cooperative maritime engagement and stability in the Indian Ocean Region.

5. India has taken a significant step towards strengthening its air combat capabilities with the planned induction of indigenous stealth unmanned combat aerial vehicles (UCAVs) under the ‘Ghatak’ programme. The Defence Acquisition Council (DAC) on 27^th March cleared the procurement of remotely piloted strike aircraft for the Indian Air Force (IAF), paving the way for four squadrons of advanced combat drones.

6. India observes National Maritime Day annually on 5^th April to commemorate its rich maritime heritage and underline the critical role of the shipping sector in economic growth and global connectivity. The occasion honours seafarers, port authorities, and maritime institutions that sustain international trade and logistics, while also emphasising the sector’s evolving future.

7. The 47^th Raising Day of Project Chetak was recently celebrated in Bikaner, Rajasthan, highlighting its crucial contribution to border infrastructure and national security. Executed by the Border Roads Organisation (BRO), the project has played a significant role in enhancing connectivity in India’s western frontier.

8. The Indian Army has dispatched a contingent to Egypt to participate in the fourth edition of Exercise Cyclone, a joint special forces drill between India and Egypt. The exercise, scheduled to take place in Anshas, Egypt, reflects the growing defence partnership and strategic cooperation between the two countries.

9. The Indian Army recently demonstrated its advanced combat capabilities during Exercise Brahmastra at the Pokhran Field Firing Range in Rajasthan. The large-scale military drill highlighted the growing emphasis on integrating air power with ground operations. A key highlight of the exercise was the deployment of AH-64E Apache attack helicopters, which showcased precision strike capabilities in a simulated battlefield environment.

10. The Indian Army has cleared Lieutenant Colonel Prasad Shrikant Purohit for promotion to the rank of Brigadier, following a prolonged legal battle spanning 17 years. The decision comes after his acquittal in the 2008 Malegaon blast case and marks a significant development in his military career.

11. The Indian Army contingent has departed for Uzbekistan to participate in the 7^th edition of the joint military exercise DUSTLIK, scheduled from 12^th to 25^th April 2026. The exercise will take place at the Gurumsaray Field Training Area in Namangan, reflecting the growing defence cooperation between India and Uzbekistan.

12. The Indian Navy is set to host the first edition of its biannual Commander’s Conference 2026 at Nausena Bhawan, New Delhi, from 14^th to 16^th April. The apex-level gathering will bring together senior naval leadership to review operational readiness, strategic priorities, and capability development in line with India’s evolving maritime security environment.

13. The Indian Army has launched “Sikkim Sundari”, the first community radio station in a border village of Sikkim, marking a significant step towards improving communication in remote high-altitude regions. The initiative, led by the Trishakti Corps, aims to bridge information gaps and empower local communities living near sensitive border areas.

14. India is set to host its first-ever high-level conference dedicated exclusively to the Central Armed Police Forces (CAPFs), marking a significant step in strengthening the country’s internal security framework. The initiative reflects a shift towards structured and institutionalised coordination among key security agencies amid evolving threats.

15. India has strengthened its internal security and naval logistics with two major indigenous defence developments led by the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO). The Ministry of Home Affairs has received the AI-enabled satellite imaging system Prajna, while the Indian Navy has successfully completed trials of the Air Droppable Container ADC-150. These systems are designed to improve surveillance, emergency response and operational efficiency across land and sea.

16. The Defence Ministry has signed contracts worth nearly Rs. 975 crore to strengthen the Indian Army’s minefield breaching capability for its T-72 and T-90 tanks. The procurement focuses on TRAWL assemblies, a specialised system designed to help tanks safely cross minefields laid with anti-tank mines. The move is aimed at improving battlefield mobility and enhancing operational readiness along sensitive frontiers.

17. Indian Naval Ship INS Nireekshak has arrived at Colombo port in Sri Lanka for an operational turnaround and training visit aimed at strengthening maritime cooperation between the two countries. The visit highlights the growing defence partnership between India and Sri Lanka, particularly in naval coordination and regional maritime security.

18. Chief of Army Staff General Upendra Dwivedi has been inducted into the International Hall of Fame of the US Army War College in Pennsylvania. He became only the third Indian Army chief to receive this distinction, highlighting the growing defence cooperation between India and the United States.

19. The names of 33,000 Indian Army soldiers who died during the First World War but were missing from the Basra Memorial in Iraq have now been commemorated through new digital panels. The initiative by the Commonwealth War Graves Commission (CWGC) aims to correct a long-standing historical omission and restore recognition to Indian soldiers who served and died in the Mesopotamia Campaign.

20. The Central Government has included six border villages in Jammu and Kashmir’s Kathua district under the Vibrant Village Programme-II to improve infrastructure and ensure full delivery of welfare schemes. These villages are located along the International Border and hold strategic importance for border security as well as rural development. The move aims to strengthen connectivity, public services, and socio-economic opportunities for residents living in sensitive frontier areas.

21. The Indian Army has raised its 16^th ‘Bhairav’ Battalion at the Maratha Light Infantry Regimental Centre in Belagavi, Karnataka. The new unit strengthens India’s infantry capabilities and reflects the Army’s focus on agile, rapid-response combat formations suited for modern warfare and sensitive border operations.

22. India ranked as the world’s fifth-largest defence spender in 2025, according to the latest report by the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI). With military expenditure reaching $92.1 billion, India accounted for 3.2% of total global defence spending. This placed the country behind only the United States, China, Russia and Germany.

23. The Indian Army will host the first edition of the multilateral military exercise ‘Pragati’ at the Foreign Training Node in Umroi, Meghalaya. Military delegations from 11 friendly countries will participate in the exercise, aimed at strengthening defence cooperation and improving operational coordination among regional armies.

24. The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is preparing to select a second batch of astronauts for the Gaganyaan mission, expanding eligibility beyond Indian Air Force test pilots. For the first time, civilians from science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) backgrounds may be included as India strengthens its long-term human spaceflight programme.

25. India and Sri Lanka have deepened naval cooperation through IN-SLN DIVEX 2026, held in Colombo from 21^st to 28^th April. The fourth edition of the bilateral diving exercise focused on underwater operations, joint rescue capability and maritime security in the Indian Ocean Region.

26. Defence Minister Rajnath Singh arrived in Bishkek, the capital of Kyrgyzstan, to participate in the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) Defence Minister’s Meeting scheduled for 29^th April 2026. The meeting comes at a time of rising global security concerns, especially due to the ongoing tensions in West Asia. India is expected to emphasise regional stability, international peace and stronger cooperation against terrorism and extremism during the high-level discussions.

27. India is advancing plans to develop a comprehensive multi-layered conventional missile force covering short, medium, and long-range systems. The announcement reflects a broader push to strengthen national security capabilities and enhance deterrence amid evolving geopolitical challenges.

28. India achieved a significant milestone in defence capability with the successful maiden salvo launch of the Naval Anti-ship Missile-Short Range (NASM-SR). The test was jointly conducted by the Defence Research & Development Organisation (DRDO) and the Indian Navy from a helicopter platform off the Odisha coast in the Bay of Bengal.

29. India’s strategic defence capabilities are set to advance significantly as the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) has expressed full readiness to begin work on the Agni-VI missile programme. The announcement reflects growing momentum in India’s missile development ecosystem, pending formal government approval.

Current Affair of April 2026

Business, Economy & Banking

1. The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has recently directed banks to refrain from engaging in non-deliverable derivative (NDD) contracts in the Indian rupee. The move aims to strengthen regulatory oversight and ensure better stability in the domestic currency market, particularly amid concerns over offshore speculative activities influencing rupee valuation.

2. India’s manufacturing activity witnessed a slowdown in March, as reflected in the HSBC India Manufacturing Purchasing Manager’s Index (PMI), which declined to 53.9 from 56.9 in February. Although the index remains above the neutral 50 mark, indicating expansion, the drop signals a moderation in the pace of growth in the manufacturing sector.

3. The National Statistical Office has launched the first-ever Annual Survey of Incorporated Services Sector Enterprises (ASISSE), marking a significant step towards strengthening India’s statistical framework. The initiative aims to generate a robust and comprehensive database of the country’s incorporated services sector, which plays a vital role in economic growth and employment generation.

4. India is set to remain the primary driver of economic growth in South Asia, according to the World Bank’s latest regional update released in April 2026. While global uncertainties continue to weigh on emerging markets, India’s strong domestic fundamentals are expected to sustain regional expansion.

5. India has slipped to the sixth position in the global GDP rankings for 2025, according to the latest estimates by the International Monetary Fund (IMF). Despite maintaining its status as the world’s fastest-growing major economy, the country’s ranking has been impacted by currency fluctuations. The development poses a temporary setback to India’s ambition of becoming the third-largest economy in the near term.

6. The global economy is poised for a major expansion over the next five years, with the World Economic Forum projecting an increase of about USD 56 trillion in total global GDP. The expected rise is being linked to rapid advances in artificial intelligence, quantum computing and other frontier technologies.

7. The Government of India has expanded the scope of the Resilience and Logistics Intervention for Export Facilitation (RELIEF) scheme by including Egypt and Jordan among the eligible countries. The move comes as geopolitical tensions in West Asia continue to disrupt maritime logistics across the Gulf region and nearby trade corridors. The decision aims to protect Indian exporters from rising freight costs, higher insurance premiums, and war-related trade risks.

8. The United Nations has projected India’s economy to grow by 6.4% in 2026 and 6.6% in 2027, reinforcing India’s position as one of the fastest-growing major economies in the world. The forecast was released in the Economic and Social Survey of Asia and the Pacific 2026 by the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP). The report highlights strong domestic demand, services growth and policy support as key drivers of India’s economic performance.

9. India’s foreign exchange reserves increased by $2.36 billion to reach $703.31 billion for the week ended 17^th April 2026, according to the latest data released by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI). The rise reflects stronger foreign currency assets and continued external sector stability.

10. India and New Zealand have signed a landmark Free Trade Agreement in New Delhi, opening a new phase in bilateral economic ties. New Zealand Prime Minister Christopher Luxon called it a “once-in-a-generation” agreement, while India said the pact balances wider market access with protection for sensitive sectors.

11. The Reserve Bank of India has launched Mission SAKSHAM, a nationwide capacity-building programme for Urban Cooperative Banks (UCBs), aimed at improving governance, resilience and professional standards across the sector. The initiative reflects the RBI’s broader push to modernise cooperative banking while preserving its community-focused structure.

12. The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has introduced revised guidelines allowing banks and financial institutions to extend relief measures to borrowers in disaster-hit areas without requiring individual requests. The new framework, effective from 1^st July 2026, aims to ensure timely financial support and reduce procedural delays during natural calamities.

Current Affair of April 2026

Science & Technology

1. India’s space sector is set to receive a significant push with the steady progress of the Antariksh Venture Capital Fund. Recently, the Union Minister announced that investments under this dedicated fund are expected to begin from the first quarter of FY2027. The initiative aligns with India’s broader goal of strengthening private participation and innovation in the rapidly evolving space economy.

2. Scientists have raised concerns that plans to expand oil drilling in the Gulf of Mexico by the United States administration could critically endanger the already vulnerable Rice’s whale population. With a very limited habitat and multiple human-induced threats, the species faces a high risk of extinction if conservation measures are not strengthened.

3. India’s human spaceflight programme has advanced with the launch of Mission Mitra in Ladakh, involving four astronauts selected for the Gaganyaan mission. Conducted in a high-altitude, extreme environment, the initiative aims to simulate space-like conditions on Earth. The programme reflects a growing focus on human endurance and behavioural readiness, alongside technological preparedness, as India prepares for future crewed missions.

4. The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has recently launched Mission MITRA in the high-altitude region of Ladakh to evaluate the mental and physical resilience of astronauts. This initiative marks a significant step in India’s preparations for future human spaceflight missions, particularly under extreme environmental conditions that simulate space-like challenges.

5. A major palaeontological discovery in the Shivalik foothills near Dehradun has revealed freshwater fish fossils for the first time in the region, previously known only for terrestrial remains. The finding offers crucial insights into the prehistoric ecosystem of northern India, particularly during the Pliocene epoch, estimated between 5 and 2.5 million years ago.

6. Union Minister for Science and Technology Dr. Jitendra Singh inaugurated the BIRAC-BioNEST Incubation Centre at the Central Food Technology and Research Institute (CFTRI), marking a significant step in strengthening India’s food innovation ecosystem. The initiative aims to bridge the gap between laboratory research and commercial applications by fostering startup-driven technologies in food processing and biotechnology.

7. In a major breakthrough in photonics, scientists have successfully trapped infrared light within a structure just 40 nanometres thick-over 1,000 times thinner than a human hair. The research, led by teams from the University of Warsaw and other Polish institutions, demonstrates how advanced materials can manipulate light at extremely small scales, opening new possibilities for next-generation technologies.

8. Researchers have recently identified three new species of rove beetles in Arunachal Pradesh, underscoring the region’s immense and largely unexplored biodiversity. This discovery highlights the ecological richness of Northeast India and reinforces its importance as a global biodiversity hotspot.

9. Researchers from the Zoological Survey of India (ZSI) have recently identified two new species of free-living marine nematodes off the coast of Tamil Nadu. Named “Corononema dhriti” and “Epacanthion indica”, these discoveries highlight India’s rich yet understudied marine biodiversity and contribute to global taxonomic knowledge.

10. Astronomers have identified a peculiar planetary system located nearly 120 light-years away from Earth, challenging long-held theories of how solar systems form. The system contains two Earth-like planets, often referred to as “super-Earths”, but its overall structure defies conventional models observed in our own Solar System.

11. Scientists have recently documented a remarkable behaviour of the shellear fish, a small freshwater species capable of climbing vertical waterfalls up to 15 metres high in the Democratic Republic of Congo. This discovery highlights the extraordinary adaptability of aquatic species in extreme environments and has drawn attention to the ecological uniqueness of the Congo Basin.

12. Meta Platforms has introduced Muse Spark, a new artificial intelligence model aimed at strengthening its position in the global AI race. Announced on 9^th April 2026, the model is part of the company’s broader push into advanced AI systems, including long-term ambitions around superintelligence. The launch reflects growing pressure on major technology firms to demonstrate returns on substantial AI investments.

13. India has achieved a significant milestone in quantum technology by successfully demonstrating a 1,000-kilometre quantum communication network under the National Quantum Mission. The breakthrough marks a major step towards developing ultra-secure communication systems, positioning India among leading nations in advanced quantum research.

14. A near-Earth asteroid named Asteroid 2026 GD made a close approach to Earth on 9^th April, drawing attention from scientists and space agencies. Despite being described as “house-sized” and passing closer than the Moon’s orbit, experts have clarified that the object poses no threat to the planet. The event highlights ongoing efforts by NASA to monitor space objects that travel near Earth’s orbit.

15. Researchers have identified a new plant species, Fimbristylis wayanadensis, in the high-altitude regions of the Western Ghats. Discovered during a recent botanical expedition in Kerala’s Wayanad district, the species adds to the rich biodiversity of the ecologically significant mountain range.

16. Mumbai’s real estate sector is entering a new phase with the introduction of AI-powered “breathable buildings”, marking a shift from traditional smart home features to health-centric infrastructure. A major pilot project is set to integrate advanced air purification technology into large-scale developments, placing indoor air quality at the forefront of urban living.

17. The debate over Pluto’s planetary status has resurfaced after a 10-year-old’s letter prompted a response from NASA’s leadership. Once considered the ninth planet of the solar system, Pluto was reclassified as a dwarf planet in 2006, a decision that significantly altered scientific understanding and public perception of the solar system.

18. In a landmark achievement for space exploration, NASA’s Artemis II mission concluded successfully as its crew returned to Earth following a nearly 10-day journey around the Moon. The mission marks the first crewed lunar flyby in more than 50 years, signalling a major step forward in human spaceflight ambitions.

19. A recent theoretical study has challenged the long-held belief that a supermassive black hole exists at the centre of the Milky Way. Scientists propose that the object identified as Sagittarius A* may instead be a concentration of dark matter. This alternative explanation, though still under examination, could reshape current understanding of galactic structures and gravitational behaviour.

20. Amit Kshatriya, an Indian-American space scientist, has emerged as a key figure in the United States renewed human lunar exploration efforts. Serving in a senior leadership role at NASA, he played a crucial part in the successful completion of the Artemis II mission, a landmark crewed lunar flyby that marked a major step towards returning humans to the Moon.

21. In a significant scientific breakthrough, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology (SKUAST), Srinagar, has successfully cultivated the Morchella mushroom under controlled conditions for the first time. This development is crucial as the mushroom, popularly known as Gucchi, is traditionally harvested from the wild and is known for its rarity and high market value.

22. Recent findings reveal that NASA’s Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud, and ocean Ecosystem (PACE) satellite can now detect nitrogen dioxide pollution at a highly refined scale. This advancement enables scientists to pinpoint emissions from individual factories and major highway corridors, marking a significant leap in air quality monitoring and environmental research.

23. N. Chandrababu Naidu is set to inaugurate India’s first indigenous quantum computing testbeds on 14^th April 2026, marking a significant step in the country’s advanced technology landscape. The initiative positions Andhra Pradesh as a pioneer in building a domestic ecosystem for quantum research, testing, and innovation. The launch coincides with World Quantum Day.

24. OpenAI has introduced GPT 5.4 Cyber, a specialised artificial intelligence model aimed at strengthening cybersecurity capabilities. Announced as part of its Trusted Access for Cyber (TAC) programme, the model is designed to assist security professionals in detecting vulnerabilities, analysing malware, and improving digital defence systems.

25. In a groundbreaking scientific development, researchers have successfully engineered bacteria to convert plastic waste into levodopa, a key drug used in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease. The study highlights a novel way to transform discarded materials into valuable medical resources, offering a sustainable alternative to traditional drug manufacturing methods.

26. In a remarkable cosmic discovery, scientists have observed a supermassive black hole “wake up” after remaining dormant for nearly 100 million years. The sudden activation triggered a powerful burst of energy, likened to a volcanic eruption in space, offering fresh insights into the dynamic behaviour of black holes and their role in shaping galaxies.

27. Scientists have recreated harsh Martian conditions in laboratory settings and discovered that certain microorganisms can survive extreme environments once thought entirely uninhabitable. The findings, published in the journal “PNAS Nexus”, challenge long-standing assumptions about the limits of life and open new possibilities in the search for extraterrestrial organisms.

28. The Punjab government has partnered with Indian Institute of Technology Ropar to develop an advanced Artificial Intelligence-based system for real-time crime tracking and analysis. The initiative aims to modernise policing by transforming scattered data into actionable intelligence, strengthening ongoing anti-crime and anti-drug campaigns in the state.

29. The All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE) has launched the third edition of its flagship AICTE-VAANI scheme to strengthen the use of Indian languages in technical education. The initiative aims to create a more inclusive academic ecosystem by enabling students to access technical knowledge in their native languages. The launch included the release of the scheme document and an online portal for applications.

30. The United States has announced an ambitious plan to deploy nuclear reactors in space orbit by 2028 and on the Moon by 2030. The move follows the successful splashdown of the Artemis-2 mission and reflects Washington’s broader goal of strengthening its leadership in space exploration, commerce, and defence. The initiative is part of a new policy memorandum titled “National Initiative for American Space Nuclear Power”, issued by the White House on 14^th April 2026.

31. Dung beetles have shown one of the most surprising navigation abilities in the animal kingdom-they use the Milky Way to move in straight lines at night. Scientists found that these tiny insects can orient themselves using the bright band of stars in the night sky, making them the first known animals to use the Milky Way for navigation. This discovery has provided important insights into animal behaviour and celestial orientation.

32. NASA astronaut Jessica Meir has shared a remarkable image of the ongoing Lyrid meteor shower as seen from the International Space Station (ISS). The photograph, taken from the station’s cupola window, offers a rare view of meteors streaking across Earth’s atmosphere from orbit. Her post has drawn attention from skywatchers worldwide as the annual meteor shower reaches its peak.

33. A new species of snake, named Calamaria garoensis, has been discovered in the Garo Hills region of Meghalaya, adding to the rich biodiversity of northeastern India. The finding has drawn significant attention after Meghalaya Chief Minister Conrad K. Sangma publicly praised the scientists involved in the discovery. The identification of this species highlights the ecological importance of the region and the need for continued biodiversity research.

34. NASA has completed the final assembly of the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope, marking a major milestone ahead of its planned 2026 launch. Built at the Goddard Space Flight Center in Maryland, the observatory is expected to become one of the most powerful survey telescopes ever developed. Often seen as the next major mission after the Hubble and James Webb Space Telescopes, Roman will study dark energy, galaxy formation and distant planetary systems on an unprecedented scale.

35. Scientists have uncovered one of the clearest genetic snapshots of a Neanderthal community from around 1,00,000 years ago in present-day Poland. A new study published in “Current Biology” analysed ancient mitochondrial DNA from eight Neanderthal teeth discovered in Stajnia Cave, offering rare evidence of a small group of Neanderthals living together in Central-Eastern Europe. The discovery helps researchers better understand family ties, migration patterns and population history among Neanderthals across Europe.

36. China has selected two Pakistani astronauts as candidates for a future mission to its Tiangong space station, marking a major step in bilateral space cooperation between the two countries. If the mission proceeds successfully, one of them could become the first foreign astronaut to visit China’s space station and the first Pakistani to travel into Earth’s orbit.

37. India and Japan have strengthened cooperation in artificial intelligence and urban planning through a new data partnership between Japan’s ONESTRUCTION Inc. and India’s DataKaveri Systems. The initiative aims to improve how construction data is used in smart city planning and digital governance.

38. A new scientific study has suggested that sperm whales may use communication structures similar to human language. Researchers studying their vocal sounds, known as codas, found organised patterns and variations that indicate a more complex communication system than previously understood.

39. Researchers have discovered two new species of jumping spiders in India, highlighting the country’s rich but still underexplored biodiversity. The newly identified species, named “Mogrus shushka” and “Mogrus pune”, were found in Rajasthan, Gujarat and Maharashtra, showing that both dry landscapes and urban green spaces can support unique wildlife.

40. Chinese researchers have developed a new technology called the Zero-Carbon-Emission Direct Coal Fuel Cell (ZC-DCFC), which can convert coal directly into electricity without burning it. This innovation, led by scientists at Shenzhen University, could significantly change the future of coal-based energy by reducing carbon emissions and improving efficiency.

41. The Maharashtra Cabinet has approved the Artificial Intelligence Policy 2026 with a planned investment of Rs. 10,000 crore to strengthen the state’s AI ecosystem. The policy aims to promote innovation, create jobs, support industries and position Maharashtra as a leading artificial intelligence hub in India.

42. India’s upcoming lunar mission, Chandrayaan-5, has entered a crucial preparatory phase as the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) initiates launch site assessments in Japan. The visit by ISRO scientists reflects deepening space collaboration between India and Japan, particularly in the domain of lunar exploration and advanced mission planning.

Current Affair of April 2026

Government Schemes

1. The Government of India has reaffirmed its commitment to promoting scientific temper among youth through initiatives like the Yuva Vigyani Karyakram (YUVIKA). Union Minister Dr. Jitendra Singh highlighted in Parliament that the programme is playing a crucial role in inspiring school students to explore careers in space science.

2. The Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India (IRDAI) has recently introduced Indian Accounting Standards (Ind AS) for the insurance sector, marking a significant reform in financial reporting practices. The move aims to enhance transparency, comparability, and global alignment of financial statements in India’s insurance industry.

3. The Sadhana Saptah 2026 initiative marks a key development in India’s efforts to modernise its civil services and align governance with future challenges. Launched under Mission Karmayogi, the programme aims to equip public officials with the competencies required for efficient, citizen-centric administration. It reflects the broader vision of building a responsive bureaucracy capable of driving India towards the goal of Viksit Bharat 2047.

4. The Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) has set up a high-level Special Task Force (STF) to develop mitigation strategies for the agricultural sector. The move comes amid growing concerns over climate variability, resource constraints, and the need for sustainable agricultural practices in India.

5. The Jiyo Parsi Scheme has recently gained attention following the successful conduct of a Universal Parsi Registration Drive facilitation camp by the Ministry of Minority Affairs. Around 300 new registrations were completed on the Jiyo Parsi portal, reflecting renewed efforts to address the declining population of the Parsi community in India. The initiative highlights the government’s continued commitment to preserving the demographic and cultural identity of this minority group.

6. The Union government is set to launch Prashast 2.0, an upgraded digital platform designed to identify 21 types of disabilities in children and improve support for Children With Special Needs (CWSN). The app aims to strengthen early screening, simplify certification and ensure better inclusion of such children in mainstream education.

7. The Union Cabinet has approved key Constitutional amendments aimed at expediting the implementation of 33% reservation for women in the Lok Sabha and state legislative assemblies. The move marks a significant step towards operationalising the Nari Shakti Vandan Adhiniyam, which seeks to enhance women’s political representation. The decision comes ahead of a scheduled special sitting of Parliament, signalling the government’s intent to fast-track the reform.

8. The Chhattisgarh Cabinet, under Chief Minister Vishnu Deo Sai, approved the formation of a high-level committee on 15^th April 2026, to draft a framework for a Uniform Civil Code (UCC). The initiative aims to streamline diverse personal laws and promote equality, particularly in matters of gender justice.

9. The Delhi government has released its draft Electric Vehicle (EV) Policy 2026-2030, aiming to accelerate clean mobility adoption and curb vehicular pollution in the national capital. The policy proposes significant financial incentives, including exemptions on road tax and registration fees for electric vehicles, while also setting phased targets for transitioning to electric mobility.

10. The Union government has formally brought into force the Constitution (One Hundred and Sixth Amendment) Act, 2023, widely known as the Nari Shakti Vandan Adhiniyam. The law ministry notified 16^th April 2026, as the commencement date, marking a key procedural step towards implementing women’s reservation in legislatures.

11. The Union Cabinet has approved the continuation of Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana-III (PMGSY-III) beyond March 2025 till March 2028, reinforcing the government’s focus on rural connectivity and infrastructure development. Chaired by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, the decision aims to ensure the completion of key road and bridge projects that connect villages with agricultural markets, schools and hospitals.

12. Maharashtra has approved the State Compressed Biogas (CBG) Policy 2026 to strengthen clean energy production and scientific waste management. The decision was taken by the State Cabinet under the chairmanship of Chief Minister Devendra Fadnavis. The policy aims to convert organic waste into clean fuel while supporting India’s climate goals and circular economy strategy.

Current Affair of April 2026

Awards & Honours

1. Yamaha Music India has appointed Academy Award-winning composer A. R. Rahman as its brand ambassador, marking a strategic move to strengthen India’s evolving music ecosystem. The collaboration reflects a shared vision of promoting musical excellence, expanding access to quality instruments, and nurturing emerging talent across the country. Rahman’s global stature adds significant value to Yamaha’s efforts to deepen its presence in India.

2. State-run Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd (POWERGRID) has appointed Burra Vamsi Rama Mohan as its Chairman and Managing Director (CMD), marking a significant leadership transition in India’s power transmission sector. The appointment came into effect from 1^st April 2026, as per an order issued by the Ministry of Power.

3. A painting by renowned Indian artist Raja Ravi Varma, titled “Yashoda and Krishna”, has recently been sold for an impressive Rs. 167.2 crore at a Saffronart auction. This sale marks one of the highest prices ever achieved by an Indian artwork, reaffirming Varma’s enduring legacy in the global art market. The painting’s emotional depth, combined with Varma’s signature realism, continues to attract collectors and art enthusiasts alike.

4. Coforge, a leading AI-native engineering services firm, has announced the promotion of Sunil Fernandes to the role of Chief Operating Officer (COO). The development reflects the company’s strategic focus on strengthening operational capabilities and accelerating its transition towards AI-driven services.

5. In a remarkable story of resilience and determination, Payal Nag, an 18-year-old archer from Odisha, has scripted history by becoming the world’s first quadruple amputee to win an international archery gold medal. Her triumph at the World Para Archery Series Final in Bangkok marks a defining moment not only in Indian para sports but also in global sporting history.

6. A young adventurer from Uttar Pradesh has captured national attention after completing an extraordinary cycling expedition to Everest Base Camp. Divya Singh’s 14-day journey from Kathmandu to one of the world’s most challenging high-altitude destinations has gone viral, inspiring many across the country.

7. Intel has elevated Santhosh Viswanathan to the role of vice-president and managing director for the Asia Pacific and Japan (APJ) region. The appointment marks a significant leadership transition, as the company seeks to strengthen its presence across one of the world’s fastest-growing and most diverse technology markets.

8. Indian-origin scientist Deep Jariwala has been appointed to the prestigious UT-ORNL Governor’s Chair for Quantum Devices, marking a major milestone in global scientific leadership. Currently a professor at the University of Pennsylvania, Jariwala will assume his new role in January 2027, working jointly with the University of Tennessee Knoxville and Oak Ridge National Laboratory.

9. Legendary playback singer Asha Bhosle passed away at the age of 92, marking the end of an era in Indian music. She breathed her last at Mumbai’s Breach Candy Hospital after battling exhaustion and a chest infection. Her demise has triggered widespread mourning across the country, with tributes pouring in from political leaders, film personalities, and music legends.

10. The first-ever life-size statue of Swami Vivekananda in the United States was unveiled in Seattle, marking a significant milestone in India’s cultural diplomacy efforts. Installed at the prominent Westlake Square in downtown Seattle, the bronze statue honours the Indian philosopher and spiritual leader known for his message of universal brotherhood and harmony.

11. Banaras Hindu University (BHU) secured first place at the Association of Indian Universities National Moot Court Competition 2026, held at Integral University, Lucknow. The event witnessed participation from law students across the country, highlighting the growing importance of practical legal training in academic institutions.

12. For the first time in its history, the Goldman Environmental Prize has recognised an all-women group of winners, marking a major moment in global environmental leadership. The 2026 edition honours six female grassroots activists from different continents for their work in climate justice, biodiversity protection, Indigenous rights and anti-mining movements. The award highlights the growing role of women in leading local environmental struggles with global impact.

13. Arthur Law, Co-founder and Managing Principal of Storefriendly Asia, has been selected as a 2026 Young Global Leader by the World Economic Forum (WEF). The recognition honours leaders under the age of 40 who are making significant contributions across business, public policy, science and social impact. Law has been recognised for transforming urban living solutions through technology-driven self-storage services and for his wider work in sustainable development and philanthropy.

14. The 2026 Goldman Environmental Prize has recognised six women environmental defenders from across the world for their grassroots efforts to protect nature and communities. Often called the “Green Nobel”, the award honours individuals from six global regions who take extraordinary action for environmental protection. This year marks a historic first, as all six winners are women, highlighting the growing leadership of women in global climate and conservation movements.

15. Noida International Airport has appointed Nitu Sarma as its interim Chief Executive Officer following directions from the Bureau of Civil Aviation Security (BCAS). The change comes as airport CEO positions in India are required to be held by Indian nationals.

16. Guntur Municipal Corporation (GMC) has won the 4^th Gender Equality Mobilisation (GEM) Award presented by the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) in Vienna. The recognition was given during the International Day of Women in Industry 2026 celebrations for GMC’s work in combining women’s empowerment with sustainable waste management.

17. The Union government is set to appoint former Chief Economic Adviser Ashok Lahiri as the new Vice-Chairman of NITI Aayog, replacing Suman Bery. Alongside him, Gobardhan Das, Director of Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, is expected to be appointed as a member of the government’s top policy think tank. The appointments come during the ongoing West Bengal Assembly elections and are being seen as politically significant.

18. Former Union Minister Dinesh Trivedi has been appointed as India’s next High Commissioner to Bangladesh. The Ministry of External Affairs announced that he is expected to take up the assignment shortly. His appointment comes at a sensitive time as both countries seek to restore stability in bilateral ties.

19. The 13^th edition of the Sur Jyotsna National Music Awards was held in New Delhi, celebrating excellence in Indian classical music and honouring veteran artists for their lifelong contribution. This year, renowned Hindustani vocalists Sumitra Guha and Pandit Laxman Krishnarao Pandit received the prestigious recognition for their dedication to preserving and promoting India’s classical music traditions.

20. The Telangana government has appointed senior Congress leader V. Hanumantha Rao and Director General of Police B. Shivadhar Reddy as special advisors, reinforcing its administrative and policy framework. The appointments underline the state’s focus on welfare governance and internal security through experienced leadership.

Current Affair of April 2026

Sports

1. Bodhana Sivanandan, an 11-year-old Indian-origin chess prodigy from Harrow, has emerged as Britain’s top-rated female player according to the FIDE rating list of April 2026. With an impressive rating of 2,366, she has surpassed established competitors and secured the 72^nd position globally in women’s chess rankings.

2. The Khelo India Tribal Games concluded in Chhattisgarh with a vibrant closing ceremony attended by Chief Minister Vishnu Deo Sai. The event also witnessed the presence of Deputy Chief Minister Arun Sao, along with celebrated sportspersons Mary Kom and Bhaichung Bhutia. The Games brought together tribal athletes from across India, highlighting sporting talent and promoting inclusivity in national sports development.

3. The 7^th National Sub-Junior (Under-17) Boxing Championship commenced in Nagpur, marking a significant event in India’s youth sporting calendar. The week-long tournament was inaugurated by Union Minister Nitin Gadkari and has attracted widespread participation from across the country, reflecting the growing popularity of boxing among young athletes.

4. India began its campaign at the ISSF World Cup rifle and pistol stage in Granada, Spain, with a historic gold medal in the 10m air pistol mixed team event. Young shooters Palak and Mukesh Nelavalli secured the top podium finish with a world record score of 487.7. The score also stands as a junior world record, highlighting the duo’s exceptional performance on the global stage.

5. Chingleput Doraiswamy Gopinath, the last surviving member of India’s first-ever Test-winning team, has passed away at the age of 96. The Tamil Nadu Cricket Association confirmed his demise, marking the end of a historic era in Indian cricket. Gopinath was among the earliest contributors to India’s international cricket journey and remained a symbol of perseverance during the formative years of the national team.

6. India’s rising badminton star Ayush Shetty clinched a historic silver medal at the Badminton Asia Championships 2026 after losing the men’s singles final to China’s Shi Yu Qi in Ningbo. Despite the straight-game defeat, the 20-year-old delivered a breakthrough performance, signalling his arrival on the global stage.

7. India’s long-distance runner Sawan Barwal scripted history by breaking the country’s longest-standing national record at the Rotterdam Marathon 2026. Battling extreme conditions and physical exhaustion, the 28-year-old Army havildar overcame a dramatic collapse near the finish line to clock 2:11:58, surpassing a 47-year-old milestone.

8. India’s domestic athletics circuit witnessed strong performances at the fourth leg of the Indian Athletics Series held in Ranchi, with Odisha’s Sarun Payasingh clinching the men’s long jump title and Maharashtra’s Sarvesh Anil Kushare securing victory in the high jump event.

9. Indian Grandmaster R. Vaishali secured a historic victory at the 2026 FIDE Women’s Candidates Tournament, earning the right to challenge reigning world champion Ju Wenjun for the Women’s World Chess Championship later this year. The 24-year-old’s triumph marks a remarkable rise, as she entered the tournament as the lowest-rated participant and emerged as the winner with a composed and determined performance.

10. The Mumbai Cricket Association has become the first state body in India to introduce a structured annual contract system for its domestic cricketers. The initiative, effective from the 2026-27 season, aims to provide financial stability and professional support to players who are not part of the Indian national team or the Indian Premier League.

11. The 2026 SAFF Women’s Championship, scheduled to be hosted by India in Goa, will now be played with six teams after Pakistan officially withdrew from the tournament. The Pakistan Football Federation confirmed the decision on 23^rd April, reducing the expected participation from seven member nations. The event remains one of South Asia’s key women’s football competitions and will run from 25^th May to 6^th June at the Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium in Margao.

12. Virat Kohli has become the first cricketer to score 9,000 runs in the Indian Premier League. The milestone came during a match between Royal Challengers Bengaluru and Delhi Capitals, reinforcing his legacy as one of the most consistent batters in T20 cricket.

13. Rithika Sri from the State of the Tamil Nadu has become the first transgender cricket umpire in India. This historic achievement comes after the Tamil Nadu Cricket Association have introduced the ‘Other’ category in its State Panel Umpire examination application.

14. Punjab Kings create IPL history by successfully chasing 265 runs against Delhi Capitals at Arun Jaitley Stadium, New Delhi. This becomes the highest successful chase in IPL history, breaking their own previous record of 262 runs set in 2024 against Kolkata Knight Riders.

Current Affair of March 2026