Rule 1: When the suffix “full” is added to a word, one “ I” is removed.
Eg:
- Use + full= useful
- Faith + full = faithful
Rule 2: If the word to which the suffix “full” is added ends in “ll”, one “I” is removed from the word also.
Eg:
- Will + full= wilful
- Skill +full = skilful
Rule 3: Words of two or three syllables ending in a single vowel + single consonant double the final consonant if the last syllable is stressed.
Eg:
- Permit + ed = permitted
- Control + ed =controlled
- Occur + ing =occurring
- Begin + ing = beginning
Rule 4: Consonant ‘I’ is doubled in the words ending in a single vowel + “I” before a suffix beginning with a vowel
Eg:
- Quarrel + ed = quarrelled
- Travel + er = traveller
- Signal + ing = signalling
- Repel + ent = repellent
Rule 5: For words ending in silent “e”, drop the “e” before a suffix beginning with a vowel
Eg:
- Live + ed = lived
- Drive + er = driver
- Tire + ing= tiring
- Hope + ing = hoping
Rule 6: If the suffix begins with a consonant “e” is not dropped
Eg:
- Sincere + ly= sincerely
- Hope + full = hopeful
But,
- Nine + th = ninth
- Argue + ment = argument
- True + ly = truly
Rule 7: A final “y” following a consonant changes to “i” before a suffix except “ing”.
Eg:
- Marry + age = marriage
- Beauty + full = beautiful
- Carry + ed = carried
- Happy + ly = happily
But,
- Carry + ing = carrying
- Marry + ing = marrying
Rule 8: A final “y” following a vowel does not change before a suffix.
Eg:
- Pray + ed= prayed
- Obey + ed = obeyed
- Play + er = player
Rule 9: When the suffix “out” is added to a word ending in “ce”, “e” is changed to “i”.
Eg:
- Malice + ous = malicious
- Grace + ous= gracious
- Space + ous= spacious
- Vice + ous= vicious
Rule 10: When the suffix “ing” is added to a word ending in “ie”, “ie” is changed to “y”.
Eg:
- Die + ing = dying
- Tie + ing= tying
- Lie + ing= lying
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