Public Acts and Records

Public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of states and centers have full faith and credit throughout the territory of India.

Final judgments of civil courts only [not criminal courts] are capable of execution in any part of India.

Interstate trade and commerce

Interstate trade, commerce, and intercourse shall remain free throughout the country.

The article also covers intra-state trade and commerce. Hence no barriers to trade can be imposed at state boundaries or within. This has been done to create a unified market and provide a free flow of trade.

However, under public interest parliament can restrict the freedom of trade within a state or between states but it can’t discriminate between states.

State legislatures can impose restrictions on freedom of trade but such a law can be introduced in the house only after the president’s approval.

States can impose taxes on goods of other states only if the same taxes are applicable to goods produced within it.

Parliament can pass a law giving a state or itself a monopoly for a particular business activity i.e. nationalization.

Parliament can appoint an authority for carrying out the above purpose of carrying out provisions related to freedom of trade and commerce and putting restrictions on it. It can also confer suitable powers on such a body. However, such a body hasn’t been formed yet.

Zonal Councils

These are statutory bodies formed by the State Reorganization Act, 1956 for five zones north, south, east, west, and central. A separate act created the northeastern zonal council.

The home minister is the chairman + the vice-chairman is the chief minister of states in the zones by rotation of 1 year + 2 ministers of each state + administrators of UT’s.

Other advisory members with no voting powers are development commissioners of states, representatives of the planning commission, and the chief secretary of state. These are advisory bodies with non-binding recommendations.

Functions of the Zonal Councils:

1.  Secure political equilibrium in the country.
2. Arrest after-effects of the separation of states on a linguistic basis.
3. Center-state coordination for socioeconomic matters. Exchange of ideas and experience to formulate uniform policies.
4. Achieve emotional integration in the country
5. Prevent growth of regionalism and linguism.

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