Bugs Use Light to Navigate
One of the most popular theories is that bugs rely on light sources to guide their travels and movement. Many believe that insects use natural light sources like the moon or sun to help them navigate, similar to how sailors used to rely on the stars to guide their ships. So, when a insect sees your porch light, it flies towards the source. However, if a moth or fly mistakes your porch light for the sun or moon, they can become easily confused and start to circle around the source.
Bugs are Looking for Food
Many moths feed on the nectar from flowers, which are known to reflect ultraviolet (UV) light. Some light bulbs give off a small amount of ultraviolet light, potentially causing hungry bugs to mistake a bulb for a flower.
Bugs are Trying to Escape from Predators
Another theory for why insects are attracted to light is that, in the wild, light signals an escape from potential danger for insects. When an insect sees light, it can tell them that a path is not blocked by a predator or obstacles. This might explain why pests fly right into light sources, seeming to unknowingly crash into bulbs and lanterns.
Searching for a Meal
Finally, others believe that insects are attracted to porch lights and campfires because they know other insects are too. These critters may be predators looking for a meal or suitors searching for a mate.