Saline water is water that contains a significant concentration of dissolved salts, primarily sodium chloride (table salt) and other minerals. It is commonly found in oceans, seas, and saline lakes, where the salt content gives the water a distinctive taste and buoyancy.

The salt content of saline water is typically measured in parts per thousand (ppt) or as a percentage of the total mass of the water. For example, seawater has an average salinity of about 3.5% or 35 parts per thousand, meaning that for every kilogram of seawater, there are 35 grams of dissolved salts.

Saline water can also be found in inland bodies of water, such as salt lakes or brine pools, where evaporation exceeds precipitation, leading to the concentration of salts in the remaining water. These inland saline environments can have much higher salinity levels than the open ocean.

While saline water is essential for marine ecosystems and supports a wide variety of marine life, it is generally not suitable for human consumption or agricultural use without treatment. Desalination processes can remove salts from saline water to produce freshwater for drinking, irrigation, and other purposes. However, desalination is often energy-intensive and expensive, limiting its widespread use in areas with limited freshwater resources.

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