• 5G or fifth generation is the latest upgrade in the long-term evolution (LTE) mobile broadband networks.
• It’s a unified platform that is much more capable than previous mobile services with more capacity, lower latency, faster data delivery rate, and better utilization of spectrum.

5G Spectrum

5G mainly works in 3 bands, namely low, mid and high-frequency spectrum — all of which have their own uses as well as limitations.

(1) Low band spectrum

• It has a great promise in terms of coverage and speed of internet and data exchange but the maximum speed is limited to 100 Mbps (Megabits per second).
• So Telcos can use and install it for commercial cell phone users who may not have specific demands for very high-speed internet, the low band spectrum may not be optimal for specialized needs of the industry.

(2) mid-band spectrum

• It offers higher speeds compared to the low band but has limitations in terms of coverage area and penetration of signals.
• This band may be used by industries and specialized factory units for building captive networks that can be molded into the needs of that particular industry.

(3) High-band spectrum

• It offers the highest speed of all three bands, but has extremely limited coverage and signal penetration strength.
• Internet speeds in the high-band spectrum of 5G have been tested to be as high as 20 Gbps (gigabits per second), while, in most cases, the maximum internet data speed in 4G has been recorded at 1 Gbps.

What is Millimetre (mm) Wave Band?

• The Millimetre Wave band or mmWave is a particular segment of the radio frequency spectrum that ranges between 24 GHz and 100 GHz.
• This spectrum, as the name suggests, has a short wavelength, and is apt to deliver greater speeds and lower latencies.
• This in turn makes data transfer efficient and seamless as the currently available networks work optimally only on lower frequency bandwidths.

Significance of this mm band

• 5G services can be deployed using lower frequency bands.
• They can cover greater distances and are proven to work efficiently even in urban environments, which are prone to interference.
• But, when it comes to data speeds, these bands fail to hit peak potential needed for a true 5G experience.
• So, mmWave is that quintessential piece in the 5G jigsaw puzzle for mobile service providers.

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