▪️In the Natya Shastra, compiled by Bharat Muni dated 200 B.C.-200 A.D., musical instruments have been
divided into four main categories on the basis of how sound is produced.
Tata Vadya – Stringed Instruments
▪️Sound is produced by the vibration of a string or chord. These vibrations are caused by plucking or by bowing on the string which has been pulled taut.
▪️It is divided into the plucked and the bowed.
▪️Examples: veena, Rudra veena, gotuvadyam, sitar, sarod, guitar,
mandolin, etc.
Sushira Vadya
▪️Sound is produced by blowing air into a hollow column.
▪️Examples: Flute, Shehnai, Nadaswaram, etc.
Avanaddha Vadya
▪️sound is produced by striking the animal skin which has been
stretched across an earthen or metal pot or a wooden barrel or
frame.
▪️Examples: Drums, table, nagada, etc.
Ghana Vadya
▪️Played with a striker or hammer.
▪️Examples: Chipli, Taal, sticks, clappers, etc.