“The Knowledge Library”

Knowledge for All, without Barriers…

An Initiative by: Kausik Chakraborty.

“The Knowledge Library”

Knowledge for All, without Barriers……….
An Initiative by: Kausik Chakraborty.

The Knowledge Library

India-based Neutrino Observatory (INO)

About India-based Neutrino Observatory (INO):

Location INO Peak near Theni, Tamil Nadu, India
Objective Study atmospheric neutrinos and provide precise measurements of neutrino mixing parameters
Project Scope One of the largest experimental particle physics projects in India
Initial Completion Date Originally planned for 2015
Key Equipment
  • Iron Calorimeter (ICAL) Detector, designed to probe Earth matter effects on neutrino propagation and determine neutrino oscillation parameters.
  • 50,000 tonnes, the world’s largest magnet, four times larger than CERN’s CMS detector magnet
Research Goals
  • Neutrino Oscillation Parameters: Unambiguous and precise determination using atmospheric neutrinos.
  • Matter Effects: Study through electric charge identification to determine the sign of mass differences.
  • CP Violation: Investigate charge-conjugation and parity violations in the leptonic sector.
  • CPT Violation: Possible studies of charge-conjugation, parity, and time-reversal violations.
  • Kolar Events: Study possible identification of very-high-energy neutrinos and multi-muon events in Kolar Gold Fields.
Historical Discussions Initial discussions in 1989, formal collaboration in 2001, and MoU signed in 2002
Current Status Construction stalled as of July 2021 due to local opposition and environmental concerns; ongoing legal and governmental deliberations

 

 All About Neutrinos

Definition Neutrinos, often referred to as “ghost particles,” are subatomic particles with nearly zero mass and no electric charge.
Detection Challenge They traverse through matter with minimal interaction, making their detection extremely challenging.
Mass Previously believed to be massless, evidence indicates that neutrinos possess a very small mass.
Abundance Neutrinos are among the most abundant particles in the universe.
Behaviour Similar to electrons in terms of nuclear forces; both participate in weak nuclear interactions but not in strong nuclear interactions.
Production Produced during nuclear fusion in stars (e.g., the Sun) and nuclear fission in reactors.
Properties
  • Electric Charge: Electrically Neutral
  • Mass: Extremely Low (Exact Masses Not Known)
  • Types: Electron Neutrino, Muon Neutrino, Tau Neutrino
  • Interaction: Weak Interaction
  • Speed: Close to the Speed of Light
  • Spin: Fermion, Half-Integer Spin
  • Neutrino Oscillations: Neutrinos Change Flavor during Travel
  • Interactions: Very Weak Interaction with Matter
  • Cosmic Messengers: Can Carry Information from Distant Cosmic Sources
Why “Ghost Particles”?
  • Their weak charge and almost imperceptible mass make them exceedingly difficult to detect directly.
  • Due to their rare interactions with other particles, tracking neutrinos is nearly impossible.

 

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