Important Questions Research Methodology in Library and Information Science (LIS)

What is research?
अनुसंधान क्या है?
➤ Systematic and objective investigation to generate new knowledge.

Who is known as the father of modern scientific research methodology?
आधुनिक वैज्ञानिक अनुसंधान पद्धति के जनक किसे कहा जाता है?
➤ Francis Bacon

What is the first step in research?
अनुसंधान का पहला चरण क्या है?
➤ Identification of research problem.

What is hypothesis?
परिकल्पना क्या है?
➤ A tentative statement predicting the relationship between variables.

What is null hypothesis?
शून्य परिकल्पना क्या है?
➤ A statement that there is no relationship between variables.

What does LIS stand for?
LIS का पूर्ण रूप क्या है?
➤ Library and Information Science.

Which research is done to solve a specific practical problem?
विशिष्ट व्यावहारिक समस्या को हल करने के लिए किया जाने वाला अनुसंधान कौन सा है?
➤ Applied research.

Which research aims to generate new theories?
नए सिद्धांत उत्पन्न करने के उद्देश्य से किया जाने वाला अनुसंधान कौन सा है?
➤ Basic (or Fundamental) research.

What is sampling?
सैम्पलिंग क्या है?
➤ The process of selecting a representative group from the population.

What is a case study?
केस स्टडी क्या है?
➤ An in-depth study of a single unit, event, or individual.

What is qualitative research?
गुणात्मक अनुसंधान क्या है?
➤ Research focused on understanding meanings, experiences, and concepts.

What is quantitative research?
मात्रात्मक अनुसंधान क्या है?
➤ Research involving numerical data and statistical analysis.

What is survey method?
सर्वे विधि क्या है?
➤ Collecting data from a sample through questionnaires or interviews.

Which method uses both qualitative and quantitative approaches?
कौन सी विधि गुणात्मक और मात्रात्मक दोनों दृष्टिकोण अपनाती है?
➤ Mixed-method research.

Important Questions Research Methodology in Library and Information Science (LIS)

What is data collection?
डेटा संग्रहण क्या है?
➤ The process of gathering information for analysis.

What is bibliometrics?
बिब्लियोमेट्रिक्स क्या है?
➤ The statistical analysis of books, articles, and other publications.

Who introduced the term ‘Bibliometrics’?
‘बिब्लियोमेट्रिक्स’ शब्द किसने दिया?
➤ Alan Pritchard (1969).

What is scientometrics?
साइंटोमेट्रिक्स क्या है?
➤ The measurement and analysis of science, technology, and innovation.

What is informetrics?
इन्फोर्मेट्रिक्स क्या है?
➤ The study of quantitative aspects of information.

What is citation analysis?
साइटेशन एनालिसिस क्या है?
➤ The study of references in publications to measure impact.

What is an independent variable?
स्वतंत्र चर क्या है?
➤ A variable that is manipulated to observe its effect.

What is a dependent variable?
निर्भर चर क्या है?
➤ A variable that changes as a result of changes in the independent variable.

What is plagiarism?
प्लेज़रिज़्म क्या है?
➤ Using others’ work without proper acknowledgment.

What is the purpose of literature review?
साहित्य समीक्षा का उद्देश्य क्या है?
➤ To understand existing research and identify research gaps.

What is a research design?
अनुसंधान डिज़ाइन क्या है?
➤ A framework or blueprint for conducting research.

What is population in research?
अनुसंधान में जनसंख्या क्या है?
➤ The entire group from which a sample is drawn.

What is reliability in research?
अनुसंधान में विश्वसनीयता क्या है?
➤ The consistency of a measurement over time.

What is validity in research?
अनुसंधान में वैधता क्या है?
➤ The extent to which an instrument measures what it is intended to measure.

What is operational definition?
ऑपरेशनल डेफिनिशन क्या है?
➤ A clear, precise definition of variables for research purposes.

What is experimental research?
प्रयोगात्मक अनुसंधान क्या है?
➤ Research involving controlled testing to establish cause-effect relationships.

What is non-experimental research?
गैर-प्रयोगात्मक अनुसंधान क्या है?
➤ Research without manipulation of variables.

What is longitudinal study?
दीर्घकालिक अध्ययन क्या है?
➤ A study conducted over a long period of time.

What is cross-sectional study?
क्रॉस-सेक्शनल अध्ययन क्या है?
➤ A study conducted at one point in time.

What is content analysis?
कंटेंट एनालिसिस क्या है?
➤ Systematic coding and interpretation of text data.

What is action research?
एक्शन रिसर्च क्या है?
➤ Research conducted to solve an immediate problem in practice.

Important Questions Research Methodology in Library and Information Science (LIS)

Who introduced the concept of action research?
एक्शन रिसर्च की अवधारणा किसने दी?
➤ Kurt Lewin.

What is Delphi method?
डेल्फी पद्धति क्या है?
➤ A forecasting method using expert opinions through multiple rounds.

What is snowball sampling?
स्नोबॉल सैम्पलिंग क्या है?
➤ Sampling where existing subjects recruit future subjects.

What is purposive sampling?
पर्पसिव सैम्पलिंग क्या है?
➤ Selecting samples based on specific purpose or criteria.

What is stratified sampling?
स्ट्रेटिफाइड सैम्पलिंग क्या है?
➤ Dividing population into subgroups and sampling from each.

What is random sampling?
रैंडम सैम्पलिंग क्या है?
➤ Each member of the population has an equal chance of selection.

What is literature survey?
साहित्य सर्वेक्षण क्या है?
➤ Gathering and reviewing relevant literature before research.

What is pilot study?
पायलट स्टडी क्या है?
➤ A small-scale preliminary study to test feasibility.

What is variable in research?
अनुसंधान में चर क्या है?
➤ Any characteristic that can change or vary.

What is SPSS?
SPSS क्या है?
➤ Statistical Package for the Social Sciences.

What is correlation?
सहसंबंध क्या है?
➤ A measure of the relationship between two variables.

What is regression analysis?
रिग्रेशन एनालिसिस क्या है?
➤ A statistical method for predicting a dependent variable from an independent variable.

What is the difference between primary and secondary data?
प्राथमिक और द्वितीयक डेटा में क्या अंतर है?
➤ Primary data is collected first-hand; secondary data is collected from existing sources.

What is a questionnaire?
प्रश्नावली क्या है?
➤ A set of written questions for collecting data.

What is an interview schedule?
साक्षात्कार अनुसूची क्या है?
➤ A structured format of questions used during interviews.

What is observation method?
अवलोकन विधि क्या है?
➤ Collecting data by watching behavior or events.

What is a focus group?
फोकस ग्रुप क्या है?
➤ A group discussion to collect qualitative data.

What is Likert scale?
लाइकर्‍ट स्केल क्या है?
➤ A scale to measure attitudes with levels of agreement or disagreement.

What is a research report?
अनुसंधान रिपोर्ट क्या है?
➤ A document presenting the research process, findings, and conclusions.

Important Questions Research Methodology in Library and Information Science (LIS)

What is a bibliography?
संदर्भ सूची क्या है?
➤ A list of sources used in research.

What is a reference?
संदर्भ क्या है?
➤ Detailed information about a cited source.

What is triangulation in research?
अनुसंधान में ट्रायएंगुलेशन क्या है?
➤ Using multiple methods or sources to validate findings.

What is meta-analysis?
मेटा-विश्लेषण क्या है?
➤ Statistical analysis combining results of multiple studies.

What is reliability test?
विश्वसनीयता परीक्षण क्या है?
➤ A test to check the consistency of measurement tools.

What is validity test?
वैधता परीक्षण क्या है?
➤ A test to check if an instrument measures what it is supposed to measure.

What is descriptive research?
वर्णनात्मक अनुसंधान क्या है?
➤ Research that describes characteristics of a population or phenomenon.

What is analytical research?
विश्लेषणात्मक अनुसंधान क्या है?
➤ Research that involves analysis of existing data or facts.

What is historical research?
ऐतिहासिक अनुसंधान क्या है?
➤ Research based on past records and events.

What is experimental design?
प्रयोगात्मक डिज़ाइन क्या है?
➤ The plan for assigning subjects and applying treatments in an experiment.

What is control group?
नियंत्रण समूह क्या है?
➤ A group not exposed to the experimental treatment, used for comparison.

What is the difference between independent and dependent variables?
स्वतंत्र और निर्भर चर में क्या अंतर है?
➤ Independent variable is manipulated; dependent variable is measured.

What is content validity?
सामग्री वैधता क्या है?
➤ The extent to which a test covers all aspects of the concept.

What is construct validity?
कंस्ट्रक्ट वैधता क्या है?
➤ The extent to which a test measures the intended construct.

What is external validity?
बाहरी वैधता क्या है?
➤ The extent to which research findings can be generalized.

What is internal validity?
आंतरिक वैधता क्या है?
➤ The degree to which observed changes are due to the treatment.

What is randomization?
रैंडमाइजेशन क्या है?
➤ Assigning subjects to groups randomly.

What is factor analysis?
फैक्टर एनालिसिस क्या है?
➤ A statistical method to identify underlying factors among variables.

What is cluster sampling?
क्लस्टर सैम्पलिंग क्या है?
➤ Dividing the population into clusters and sampling entire clusters.

What is quota sampling?
कोटा सैम्पलिंग क्या है?
➤ Sampling to meet a pre-determined proportion of categories.

What is convenience sampling?
कन्वीनियंस सैम्पलिंग क्या है?
➤ Selecting samples based on ease of access.

What is hypothesis testing?
परिकल्पना परीक्षण क्या है?
➤ A statistical method to determine if there is enough evidence to reject a hypothesis.

What is t-test?
टी-टेस्ट क्या है?
➤ A statistical test comparing means between two groups.

What is chi-square test?
काई-स्क्वेयर टेस्ट क्या है?
➤ A statistical test for relationships between categorical variables.

What is ANOVA?
एनोवा क्या है?
➤ Analysis of Variance, used to compare means of three or more groups.

Important Questions Research Methodology in Library and Information Science (LIS)

What is standard deviation?
मानक विचलन क्या है?
➤ A measure of dispersion in a dataset.

What is mean in statistics?
सांख्यिकी में माध्य क्या है?
➤ The average value of a dataset.

What is median?
माध्यिका क्या है?
➤ The middle value when data is arranged in order.

What is mode?
बहुलक क्या है?
➤ The most frequently occurring value in a dataset.

What is range?
परास क्या है?
➤ The difference between the highest and lowest values.

What is research ethics?
अनुसंधान नैतिकता क्या है?
➤ Principles guiding responsible conduct in research.

What is informed consent?
सूचित सहमति क्या है?
➤ Permission from participants after explaining the research purpose.

What is confidentiality in research?
अनुसंधान में गोपनीयता क्या है?
➤ Protecting participants’ private information.

What is peer review?
पीयर रिव्यू क्या है?
➤ Evaluation of research by experts in the same field.

What is impact factor?
इम्पैक्ट फैक्टर क्या है?
➤ A measure of the average number of citations to articles in a journal.

What is h-index?
एच-इंडेक्स क्या है?
➤ An author-level metric measuring productivity and citation impact.

What is sampling error?
सैम्पलिंग त्रुटि क्या है?
➤ The difference between sample results and true population values.

What is non-sampling error?
गैर-सैम्पलिंग त्रुटि क्या है?
➤ Errors not related to sampling, such as data entry mistakes.

What is data coding?
डेटा कोडिंग क्या है?
➤ Assigning symbols or numbers to data for analysis.

What is data tabulation?
डेटा टैबुलेशन क्या है?
➤ Arranging data in tables for analysis.

What is inferential statistics?
अनुमानात्मक सांख्यिकी क्या है?
➤ Statistics used to make inferences about a population from a sample.

What is descriptive statistics?
वर्णनात्मक सांख्यिकी क्या है?
➤ Statistics that summarize and describe data.

What is literature gap?
साहित्यिक अंतराल क्या है?
➤ An unexplored area in existing research.

What is secondary analysis?
द्वितीयक विश्लेषण क्या है?
➤ Analysis of existing data collected for another purpose.

What is operationalization?
ऑपरेशनलाइजेशन क्या है?
➤ Defining variables into measurable factors.

What is the final step in research?
अनुसंधान का अंतिम चरण क्या है?
➤ Writing and presenting the research report.

Important Questions Research Methodology in Library and Information Science (LIS)

Important Questions on Information Technology in Libraries