Heredity and Evolution – CBSE Class 10
1. The passing of traits from parents to offspring is called
A) Variation
B) Inheritance
C) Evolution
D) Mutation
Answer: Inheritance
2. Unit of inheritance is
A) Chromosome
B) Gene
C) DNA
D) RNA
Answer: Gene
3. Who is called the Father of Genetics?
A) Darwin
B) Mendel
C) Watson
D) Crick
Answer: Mendel
4. Mendel worked on which plant?
A) Wheat
B) Pea
C) Maize
D) Rice
Answer: Pea
5. The factor which determines a trait is called
A) Gene
B) Chromosome
C) Allele
D) DNA
Answer: Gene
6. Different forms of a gene are called
A) Gene
B) Chromosome
C) Allele
D) DNA
Answer: Allele
7. Homozygous condition means
A) Two identical alleles
B) Two different alleles
C) Only one allele
D) None
Answer: Two identical alleles
8. Heterozygous condition means
A) Two identical alleles
B) Two different alleles
C) One allele
D) None
Answer: Two different alleles
9. Dominant allele shows its effect when
A) Only present in homozygous state
B) Present in heterozygous or homozygous state
C) Only present in heterozygous state
D) Absent
Answer: Present in heterozygous or homozygous state
10. Recessive allele shows its effect when
A) Present in homozygous state
B) Present in heterozygous state
C) Present in both
D) Absent
Answer: Present in homozygous state
11. Mendel’s law of segregation states that
A) Alleles separate during gamete formation
B) Traits blend
C) Traits disappear
D) Dominant alleles are always expressed
Answer: Alleles separate during gamete formation
12. In pea plants, tall (T) is dominant over dwarf (t). A Tt plant crossed with Tt will give offspring in ratio
A) 1:2:1
B) 3:1
C) 1:1
D) 2:1
Answer: 3:1
13. Asexual reproduction shows
A) Variation
B) No variation
C) Evolution
D) Mutation
Answer: No variation
14. Sexual reproduction shows
A) Variation
B) No variation
C) Evolution
D) Mutation
Answer: Variation
15. Change in genetic material is called
A) Evolution
B) Mutation
C) Variation
D) Heredity
Answer: Mutation
16. Evolution is
A) Sudden change in one generation
B) Gradual change over long period
C) Asexual reproduction
D) Sexual reproduction
Answer: Gradual change over long period
17. Darwin proposed the theory of
A) Inheritance
B) Evolution
C) Natural selection
D) Genetics
Answer: Natural selection
18. According to Darwin, the survival of organisms depends on
A) Random chance
B) Natural selection
C) Mutation
D) Artificial selection
Answer: Natural selection
19. Traits beneficial for survival are called
A) Mutations
B) Adaptations
C) Variations
D) Dominant traits
Answer: Adaptations
20. Similar structures with different functions in different organisms are called
A) Analogous organs
B) Homologous organs
C) Vestigial organs
D) Adaptive organs
Answer: Homologous organs
21. Structures with similar functions but different origin are called
A) Homologous organs
B) Analogous organs
C) Vestigial organs
D) Adaptive organs
Answer: Analogous organs
22. Organs no longer performing function are called
A) Analogous organs
B) Homologous organs
C) Vestigial organs
D) Adaptive organs
Answer: Vestigial organs
23. Example of vestigial organ in humans is
A) Appendix
B) Lungs
C) Heart
D) Brain
Answer: Appendix
24. Example of homologous organs is
A) Wing of bird and wing of bat
B) Forelimb of human and forelimb of frog
C) Wings of insects and wings of birds
D) Tail of monkey and tail of lizard
Answer: Forelimb of human and forelimb of frog
25. Example of analogous organs is
A) Forelimb of human and forelimb of frog
B) Wing of bird and wing of insect
C) Eye of human and eye of octopus
D) Tail of monkey and tail of lizard
Answer: Wing of bird and wing of insect
26. Variation refers to
A) Genetic differences among individuals
B) Identical traits
C) Reproduction
D) Mutation only
Answer: Genetic differences among individuals
27. Natural selection leads to
A) Extinction
B) Survival of fittest
C) Mutation
D) Artificial selection
Answer: Survival of fittest
28. Humans produce variations through
A) Mutation
B) Cross-breeding
C) Selective breeding
D) All of these
Answer: All of these
29. DNA is located in
A) Cytoplasm
B) Nucleus
C) Ribosome
D) Mitochondria
Answer: Nucleus
30. Unit of evolution is
A) Gene
B) Population
C) Species
D) Organism
Answer: Population
31. Mendel’s law of independent assortment states
A) Genes segregate independently
B) Alleles never segregate
C) Traits blend
D) Mutation occurs randomly
Answer: Genes segregate independently
32. Cross between homozygous dominant and homozygous recessive gives
A) Homozygous offspring
B) Heterozygous offspring
C) Pure recessive offspring
D) 3:1 ratio
Answer: Heterozygous offspring
33. Example of artificial selection is
A) Wheat breeding
B) Natural selection
C) Mutation
D) Evolution
Answer: Wheat breeding
34. Fossils provide evidence for
A) Heredity
B) Evolution
C) Variation
D) Mutation
Answer: Evolution
35. The study of heredity is called
A) Biology
B) Genetics
C) Evolution
D) Anatomy
Answer: Genetics
36. Mutations are
A) Always harmful
B) Always beneficial
C) Random changes in DNA
D) None of these
Answer: Random changes in DNA
37. Crossing over occurs during
A) Mitosis
B) Meiosis
C) Fertilisation
D) Budding
Answer: Meiosis
38. Lamarck’s theory was based on
A) Use and disuse
B) Natural selection
C) Mutation
D) Genetics
Answer: Use and disuse
39. Darwin’s theory emphasizes
A) Inheritance of acquired characters
B) Natural selection
C) Use and disuse
D) Mutation
Answer: Natural selection
40. The term “survival of the fittest” was coined by
A) Darwin
B) Spencer
C) Mendel
D) Lamarck
Answer: Spencer
41. Evolution acts on
A) Individuals
B) Populations
C) Species
D) Ecosystem
Answer: Populations
42. Fossils are
A) Living organisms
B) Preserved remains of organisms
C) Genes
D) Mutations
Answer: Preserved remains of organisms
43. Example of human evolution study is
A) Fossil skulls
B) DNA analysis
C) Both A and B
D) Only A
Answer: Both A and B
44. Mutation can lead to
A) Variation
B) Inheritance
C) Extinction
D) None
Answer: Variation
45. Human height is controlled by
A) Single gene
B) Polygenes
C) Environment only
D) Dominant gene only
Answer: Polygenes
46. Eye colour in humans is controlled by
A) Single gene
B) Multiple genes
C) Mutation
D) Natural selection
Answer: Single gene
47. Chromosomes are made up of
A) Protein and RNA
B) Protein and DNA
C) DNA only
D) RNA only
Answer: Protein and DNA
48. Offspring with traits similar to parents is due to
A) Variation
B) Heredity
C) Mutation
D) Evolution
Answer: Heredity
49. Long-term change in species is called
A) Heredity
B) Evolution
C) Variation
D) Mutation
Answer: Evolution
50. Evolutionary changes are usually
A) Rapid
B) Gradual
C) Sudden
D) Random
Answer: Gradual
Also Read: How do Organisms Reproduce – CBSE Class 10