China:

Plateaus of china are Tibetan plateau, Yunnan plateau and loess plateau. 1/3rd of china is mountainous and 90% of china lives on the eastern coast.

Climate of China:

The climate of northern china is Laurentian type in the north and china type in the south.

China-type climate sees rainfall throughout the year, in summer intense heating in central Asia attracts the southeast monsoon rain. In winter the Siberian plateau becomes a high-pressure zone and cold air flows outwards as northwest winds lead to snowfall and rain on the windward side of the mountains.

Rainfall is also due to typhoons in late summer.

 Vegetation in China:

High rainfall, long growing season, and warm temperature are seen in china type climates. Evergreen vegetation has a broadleaved forest with grass, fern, bamboo, and palms.

Intensive agriculture is practiced and China is the largest producer of rice, wheat, rapeseed, silk, cotton and groundnut. Around 10-15% of China is arable.

Rivers:

Huang He (yellow river) is a perennial river cutting across the loess plateau. It is the highest sediment-carrying river in the world that shifts constantly. It is important for wheat cultivation.

Yangtze River is responsible for half of China’s agricultural produce. 35% population of China lives along with it. Highest navigable river in China. Shanghai is the world’s busiest container port and financial center in China. Hydroelectricity is generated by dams on the river.

Manchurian basin to the north of China is a major cultivation area. It has rich black soil and is a major producer of soya beans and wheat. Petroleum, coal, and uranium are found in this region.

Political Map of China:

There are 23 provinces, 5 autonomous regions, 4 centrally administrative regions,s, and 2 special administrative regions.

Coal reserve of China:

The coal reserve of China is present in the eastern region. 2nd largest reserve of coal in the world. 2/3rd of the coal reserves are present there. Iron and petroleum reserves are located also in the east.

China is the largest producer of tin in the world

Rare earth elements are produced by China and it has a monopoly. 90% of it comes from China. Rare earth metals are used in gadgets, camera lenses, magnets, solar panels, and missile defense systems.

However, by refining the rare earth reserve of China a large number of toxic acids are needed. 2000 tons of waste is generated for 1 ton of rare earth metals. China is imposing tariff restrictions on rare earth to generate funds to reduce the environmental damage. India is 2^nd largest rare earth element producer.

Japan:

China and Japan are separated by the Korean strait, the sea of China, and the la Perouse strait. Japan is at the junction of three plates that have collided. The ocean plate collision has created volcanic mountains in japan. The possibility of earthquakes and tsunamis is higher in japan.

Most of the population lives on the eastern coast of Japan. 80% of the topography is rugged. No large river system in japan.

Climate:

• The northern part of China is the Laurentian type and the southern part of Japan is the china type.
• Rainfall from the southeast monsoon in summer and northwest monsoon in winter is seen.
• 20% of the land is cultivable so indoor farming is practiced. LEDs are used for photosynthesis.
• The fishery sector of japan is well developed. It is one of the largest in the world. Deep-sea fishing, aquaculture, artificial insemination, and modern hatching techniques.
• The large continental shelf, temperate waters, indented coastline, and meeting of warm and cold currents have led to this.

Mineral wealth:

Japan is the largest importer of coal, natural gas, and oil. 95% of iron, tin, and copper needed for domestic demand is imported. Copper, petrol, and iron reserves are seen in Japan.