• CB-NAAT stands for Cartridge-Based Nucleic Acid Amplification Test, which is a diagnostic test used to detect the presence of genetic material of certain types of bacteria, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
• CB-NAAT is a highly sensitive and specific test that can detect MTB and drug-resistant strains of MTB in a short amount of time.
• The test uses a small cartridge that contains all the necessary reagents and probes to detect MTB nucleic acid. The sample (usually sputum or other respiratory specimen) is mixed with the reagents and the cartridge is placed into a machine that performs the amplification and detection of the nucleic acid.
• CB-NAAT has been endorsed by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a preferred test for the diagnosis of TB and drug-resistant TB.
• The Government of India has launched a national program called Revised National TB Control Programme (RNTCP) to provide free diagnosis and treatment of TB, and CB-NAAT is a key component of this program.
• However, the cost of the test remains a challenge, and efforts are underway to make the test more affordable and accessible to all.

Tuberculosis

• Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by bacteria called Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
• It mainly affects the lungs, but can also affect other parts of the body such as the kidneys, spine, and brain.
• TB spreads through the air when a person with active TB disease in the lungs or throat coughs, sneezes, or speaks.
• Symptoms of TB include coughing that lasts for three or more weeks, chest pain, coughing up blood, fatigue, fever, and weight loss.
• TB can be treated with antibiotics, but drug-resistant forms of TB are a growing concern.

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