Monthly Current Affairs March 2025
National
1. The Supreme Court of India has recently intervened in legal matter involving the Lokpal’s authority to investigate corruption complaints against High Court judges. The Supreme Court’s decision to stay a Lokpal order has raised questions about judicial independence and the framework of accountability for judges.
2. The Income Tax Bill 2025 proposes changes to the General Anti-Avoidance Rules (GAAR). This aims to empower tax authorities to issue reassessment notices beyond the current time limits. The new rules could allow reassessment of tax years previously considered time-barred. This change is intended to combat tax avoidance more effectively.
3. Recently, the Bombay High Court initiated a groundbreaking review of the Maharashtra Slum Areas (Improvement, Clearance and Redevelopment) Act, 1971. This legislation has influenced Mumbai’s urban landscape. The Supreme Court mandated this review following prolonged delays in slum redevelopment projects, which have raised concerns about the fundamental rights of slum dwellers.
4. In recent years, the Government of India has focused on repealing outdated colonial laws. Prime Minister Narendra Modi brought into light the need to eliminate laws that restrict individual freedoms, such as the Dramatic Performances Act of 1876. This act allowed the British government to censor public performances deemed scandalous or seditious.
5. Recently, the Competition Commission of India (CCI) proposed new regulations to replace the 2009 guidelines on predatory pricing. The draft regulations titled “The Competition Commission of India (Determination of Cost of Production) Regulations, 2025” aim to modernise the framework for assessing predatory pricing.
6. The Supreme Court of India has recently made decisions regarding the arrest powers of officials under the Customs Act, 1962, and the Central Goods and Services Tax Act, 2017. In the case of Radhika Agarwal vs. Union of India, the court sought to limit the misuse of these powers.
7. Recently, the Supreme Court of India mandated that Chief Secretaries of States and Administrators of Union Territories must establish expert committees to identify forests within their jurisdictions. This order follows a long-standing legal precedent established in 1996, which defines forests broadly and includes various types of forest lands.
8. The Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) has introduced an addendum to the existing ethical guidelines for biomedical research. This initiative focuses on Research in Integrative Medicine (RIM) and aims to provide a robust ethical framework. The objective is to merge traditional Ayush systems with modern medical practices effectively.
9. The Delhi High Court recently addressed the issue of smartphone usage in schools. On 28th February 2025, Justice Anup Jairam Bhambani issued guiding principles aimed at balancing the benefits and drawbacks of smartphones in educational settings. The court’s decision came in response to a case involving a student penalised for misusing a smartphone.
10. The Supreme Court of India is set to hear challenges regarding the commercial cultivation of genetically modified (GM) mustard. The hearing is scheduled for 15th April 2025. This follows a split verdict on the Centre’s 2022 approval for the environmental release of GM mustard. The court has instructed all parties to submit their written arguments promptly.
11. The Dharavi Redevelopment Project is urban rehabilitation initiative in Mumbai. Recently, the Supreme Court of India upheld the project’s continuation despite challenges to its awarding. The project was granted to the Adani Group in 2022, following the cancellation of a previous bid won by Seclink Technology Corporation (STC).
12. On 10th March 2025, the Lok Sabha passed the Bills of Lading Bill, 2025. This legislation updates the colonial-era shipping laws of 1856. The new Bill aims to align with international standards and simplify shipping documentation.
13. Recently, the Maharashtra government announced the establishment of a Media Monitoring Centre. This initiative aims to scrutinise media reports across various platforms, including print, electronic, and social media. The centre will operate under the Directorate of Information and Public Relations (DIPR) with a budget of Rs. 10 crore.
14. The Assam Healing (Prevention of Evil) Practices Act, 2024, aims to eliminate non-scientific healing practices. This law was introduced to protect the public from exploitation and to preserve public health.
15. The National Housing Bank (NHB) has recently published its Report on Trends and Progress of Housing in India, 2024. This report provides an in-depth analysis of the housing market, house price trends, and the impact of government initiatives on housing finance. The report marks growth in individual housing loans and identifies key challenges in the sector.
16. The Immigration and Foreigners Bill 2025 was introduced in the Lok Sabha to modernise India’s immigration laws. The government aims to streamline processes for foreigners entering, residing, and exiting India. The Bill seeks to replace outdated legislation and simplify existing laws.
17. Recently, the University Grants Commission (UGC) released the ‘Draft University Grants Commission (Promotion of Equity in Higher Education Institutions) Regulations, 2025’. This regulation aims to combat discrimination in higher education based on religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth. It follows the Supreme Court’s directive linked to the cases of Rohit Vemula and Payal Tadvi.
18. The Supreme Court of India raised serious concerns regarding the disparity between reported economic growth and the high poverty levels in certain states. On 19th March 2025, Justice Surya Kant noted the contradiction of states claiming high per capita income while 70% of their populations live below the poverty line.
19. The Jan Vishwas Bill 2.0, introduced by the Union government, aims to reform India’s complex legal framework. This initiative is part of a broader effort to enhance the ease of living for citizens. The Vidhi Centre for Legal Policy has brought into light the extensive nature of India’s laws.
20. Recently, social media platform X, formerly known as Twitter, has initiated legal proceedings against the Government of India in the Karnataka High Court. The lawsuit challenges the government’s interpretation of Section 79(3)(b) of the Information Technology (IT) Act.
21. The West Bengal government is currently engaged in legal and administrative process concerning the Other Backward Classes (OBC) list. This follows a Supreme Court directive to update the list amid allegations of political bias. The controversy primarily revolves around the inclusion of Muslim communities in the OBC list, which has raised questions about the criteria used for their inclusion.
22. The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC) in India has undergone scrutiny and recommendations for improvement. A recent report by the Parliamentary Standing Committee on Finance brought into light persistent issues affecting the effectiveness of the IBC.
23. The Supreme Court of India has raised concerns regarding laws associated with classifications of habitual offenders. As of March 2025, 14 States and Union Territories continue to enforce these classifications. The Supreme Court previously deemed the classification constitutionally suspect, particularly in its impact on denotified tribes.
24. The Supreme Court collegium plays important role in the appointment and transfer of judges in India’s higher judiciary. Recently, the collegium made headlines by transferring Justice Yashwant Varma from the Delhi High Court back to the Allahabad High Court. This decision followed the recovery of amount of cash from his residence after a fire incident.
25. Recently, the Election Commission of India (ECI) engaged with petitioners demanding transparency in voter turnout records. The Supreme Court of India deferred a hearing regarding the disclosure of Form 17C, which records votes cast at polling stations. The new Chief Election Commissioner, Gyanesh Kumar, expressed willingness to discuss these issues.
26. Chief Justice of India (CJI) Sanjiv Khanna started a special three-member internal investigation on 22nd March into the actions of Delhi High Court judge Justice Yashwant Varma. This happened after bundles of cash were reportedly found at his official residence, where a fire broke out on 14th March.
27. Recently, the Supreme Court of India established a National Task Force (NTF) to address the alarming rise in student suicides in higher educational institutions. This decision followed the tragic deaths of two students at the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Delhi, which brought into light the urgent need for a comprehensive approach to mental health in academia.
28. Recently, the Telangana Assembly adopted the Transplantation of Human Organs and Tissues Act, 1994. This move aims to regulate organ transplantation and prevent illegal commercial dealings in human organs. The state previously had its own legislation, the Telangana Transplantation of Human Organs Act, 1995.
29. The Disaster Management (Amendment) Bill 2024 has recently been passed by the Indian Parliament. It aims to enhance the functionality of disaster management authorities at various levels. The Bill amends the Disaster Management Act of 2005, which established the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA), State Disaster Management Authorities (SDMA), and District Disaster Management Authorities.
30. The recent controversy surrounding the discovery of cash at the residence of Delhi High Court judge Justice Yashwant Varma has reignited discussions on judicial appointments in India. This debate has been ongoing since the establishment of the judiciary, with changes over the decades.
31. The ethnic conflict in Manipur has drawn attention to the volatile region between Churachandpur and Bishnupur districts. This area has experienced violence, marked by recent clashes that resulted in loss of life. Various communities, including the Zomi, Hmar, and Kuki, are engaged in a struggle for power and representation.
32. Recently, civil society groups expressed concerns about amendments to the Right to Information (RTI) Act. These changes were introduced through the Digital Personal Data Protection (DPDP) Act of 2023. Activists and experts met with Rahul Gandhi, the Leader of the Opposition in the Lok Sabha, to discuss the implications of these amendments.
33. The Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) is undergoing scrutiny and proposed reforms. A Parliamentary panel has recommended various changes to enhance its operational efficiency and accountability. These reforms aim to address current challenges faced by the agency, including personnel shortages and legal limitations on its investigative powers.
34. The Supreme Court of India recently made ruling regarding the Goods and Services Tax (GST). This ruling allows companies to rectify human or arithmetical errors in their tax filings without facing penalties. The decision aims to ease compliance for taxpayers and promote a more business-friendly tax environment.
35. The recent execution of Shahzadi Khan in the UAE has raised concerns about Indian nationals on death row abroad. The Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) confirmed her execution in response to a petition from her father. Additionally, two more Indians were executed shortly after.
36. Recently, the Supreme Court of India mandated the establishment of dedicated cells to expedite the processing of mercy petitions from death row convicts. This directive arose from concerns regarding the inordinate delays in executing death sentences, which the court deemed dehumanising.
37. The Lok Sabha has recently passed the Carriage of Goods by Sea Bill, 2024. This legislation aims to update India’s maritime laws to align with international standards. It replaces the outdated Indian Carriage of Goods by Sea Act, 1925. The new Bill is part of a broader initiative to eliminate colonial-era laws and streamline maritime regulations.
38. Recently, the Indian Ports Bill was introduced in the Lok Sabha by Union Minister Sarbananda Sonowal. This bill aims to amend the Indian Ports Act of 1908. The legislation seeks to modernise port operations in India. It reflects the changes in international norms and environmental standards.
39. Recently, a special Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) Court in Chandigarh acquitted former Punjab and Haryana High Court Judge Nirmal Yadav after a lengthy 14-year legal battle. The case, known as the ‘Cash at Judge’s Door’ case, involved serious allegations of bribery and corruption. Following the verdict, Justice Yadav expressed her faith in the judiciary, acknowledging the prolonged process but affirming its fairness.
40. The National Statistics Office (NSO) of India has released the annual publication titled Energy Statistics India 2025. This comprehensive report provides critical data on energy reserves, capacity, production, consumption, and trade. It covers various energy commodities, including coal, petroleum, natural gas, and renewable energy.
41. The “Levels and Trends in Child Mortality” report was released recently by the United Nations Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation (UNIGME). UNIGME (United Nations Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation) is led by UNICEF, WHO, World Bank, and UN Population Division. The report is published annually with data from 195 countries.
42. The recent discovery of large sums of cash at the residence of Delhi High Court judge Justice Yashwant Varma has intensified discussions about corruption within India’s higher judiciary. This incident has sparked calls for mandatory public disclosure of judge’s assets and liabilities.
Monthly Current Affairs March 2025
International
1. Recent actions by the United States government have led to cuts in international aid. The Trump administration has cancelled numerous contracts that supported crucial health programmes. This includes initiatives aimed at combating HIV, polio, and malaria in impoverished communities. The termination of around 5,800 contracts under the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) has raised concerns globally.
2. Recently, diplomatic incident unfolded during a meeting between Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy and US President Donald Trump. This confrontation, which took place in the Oval Office, has raised concerns about the future of international relations, particularly regarding US support for Ukraine. The meeting was marked by tension and public spectacle, denoting the changing dynamics of global diplomacy.
3. Tensions have escalated between Pakistan and Afghanistan as security forces exchanged gunfire at the Torkham border crossing. This incident occurred on 3rd March 2025, amidst a prolonged closure of the crossing due to a dispute over border post construction. The Torkham crossing is crucial for trade and travel between the two nations, making the situation particularly dire for traders and civilians alike.
4. The Cairo Declaration emerged from an Emergency Summit of the Arab League held on 4th March 2025. This summit adopted a $53-billion plan for Gaza’s reconstruction, marking collective Arab response to the humanitarian crisis following the Israel-Hamas conflict. The plan aims to establish a comprehensive strategy for Gaza’s future, contingent on the full implementation of a ceasefire agreement.
5. The Ganga Water Treaty, signed in 1996, will expire in 2026. This upcoming meeting between India and Bangladesh is crucial for future water-sharing agreements. Bangladesh seeks a larger share of dry-season water, denoting severe shortages affecting agriculture. The backdrop includes rising tensions following political changes in Bangladesh and unresolved disputes over water-sharing, notably the Teesta River.
6. The Khalistan movement, advocating for a separate Sikh state, has gained traction among the Sikh diaspora, particularly in the UK. Recent protests in London highlight the ongoing tensions surrounding this movement. External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar faced a security breach due to pro-Khalistan demonstrators.
7. In late 2024, US President Donald Trump expressed a willingness to renegotiate the Iran nuclear deal, previously abandoned during his first term. This shift comes amid changes in Iran’s political and economic landscape, as well as evolving dynamics in the Middle East. Trump’s recent statements suggest a strategic pivot towards diplomacy, as he aims to address nuclear concerns while navigating complex regional relationships.
8. The Syrian conflict has escalated dramatically in recent years. Following the rise of a new government in December 2024, violence erupted, resulting in over 1,000 deaths in just two days. The new regime, which emerged after the ousting of long-time leader Bashar al-Assad, is reportedly targeting the Alawite community. This group, historically aligned with the Assad regime, now faces severe consequences due to its perceived loyalty to the former government.
9. Recent geopolitical tensions in the Middle East have escalated due to joint naval drills conducted by China, Iran, and Russia. These exercises, named the Maritime Security Belt 2025, took place in the Gulf of Oman, a strategic area near the Strait of Hormuz.
10. Ukraine recently expressed support for a 30-day ceasefire proposal put forth by the United States. This decision followed intensive discussions in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, marking shift in the ongoing conflict with Russia. The proposed ceasefire is intended to halt all missile, drone, and bomb attacks along the entire front line.
11. The Chagos Archipelago, located in the Indian Ocean, has been a focal point of territorial disputes between Mauritius and the United Kingdom. The islands were under British control for decades after Mauritius gained independence in 1968.
12. The Five Eyes intelligence alliance is facing unprecedented challenges. Formed during World War II, it includes the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. Recent shifts in US foreign policy under Donald Trump have disrupted long-held assumptions about the alliance. This situation has raised concerns about the future of intelligence sharing and collaboration among these nations.
13. In 2024, the International Organization for Migration (IOM) reported a staggering 8,938 migrant deaths, marking the highest toll recorded in five consecutive years. This alarming trend marks the perilous journeys many undertake in search of safety or better opportunities.
14. Recently, the Trump administration announced the termination of temporary legal status for over 5,30,000 migrants from Cuba, Haiti, Nicaragua, and Venezuela. This decision follows a Federal Register document indicating that the temporary parole programmes will end on 24th April 2025. These programmes, initiated during the Biden administration, allowed migrants to stay in the US for up to two years.
15. The earthquake that struck Myanmar and Thailand on 28th March 2025, had devastating effects. The National Centre for Seismology reported damage due to soil liquefaction and the earthquake’s frequency matching the natural vibrations of buildings. The earthquake’s epicentre was near Mandalay, Myanmar, and it registered a magnitude of 7.5.
Monthly Current Affairs March 2025
Defence
1. The U.S. Air Force is adapting its naval warfare strategy by exploring the integration of the Harpoon anti-ship missile on F-16 aircraft. This move represents shift in operational capabilities. The recent demonstration at Nellis Air Force Base showcased a rapid integration process that could redefine military readiness and effectiveness.
2. Recently, European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen revealed a comprehensive plan to mobilise approximately €800 billion for defence initiatives across Europe. This announcement followed the suspension of military aid to Ukraine by the United States, signalling a shift in Washington’s foreign policy focus.
3. The Defence Bio-Engineering & Electro Medical Laboratory (DEBEL) has achieved milestone in defence technology with the successful high-altitude trials of the Indigenous On-Board Oxygen Generating System (OBOGS)-based Integrated Life Support System (ILSS) for the LCA Tejas aircraft. Conducted on 4th March 2025, this trial marks important advancement in ensuring pilot safety and performance during high-altitude flights.
4. The Golden Dome missile defence shield is a recent initiative by the US government aimed at enhancing national security. Announced by President Donald Trump, this programme seeks to protect the United States from a variety of aerial threats. This includes ballistic, hypersonic, and cruise missiles.
5. India’s Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) has officially named its latest air-to-air missile the Gandiva. This missile is advancement in aerial combat technology. It is designed for beyond visual range (BVR) engagements, which are crucial in modern warfare.
6. The Sea Dragon 2025 naval exercise is multilateral drill focusing on anti-submarine warfare. It commenced on 4th March 2025, off the coast of Guam, hosted by the United States Navy’s 7th Fleet. This exercise involves key naval forces from the United States, Japan, Australia, and South Korea. It aims to enhance coordination in maritime security operations in the Indo-Pacific region.
7. In move to enhance its military capabilities, the Indian Ministry of Defence has signed a contract with Rosoboronexport of Russia. This $248 million deal involves procuring 1,000 HP engines for T-72 tanks. The agreement also includes the transfer of technology to Indian manufacturers. This initiative aligns with India’s “Make in India” programme, aimed at boosting domestic defence production.
8. The 12th edition of the India-Kyrgyzstan Joint Special Forces Exercise, Khanjar-XII, is scheduled from 10th to 23rd March 2025 in Kyrgyzstan. This exercise has been an annual event since 2011, alternating between the two nations. The Indian contingent comprises troops from the Parachute Regiment (Special Forces), while the Kyrgyzstan contingent includes the Kyrgyz Scorpion Brigade.
9. China has recently deployed a sophisticated radar system in Yunnan province, close to the Myanmar border. This Large Phased Array Radar (LPAR) enhances China’s surveillance capabilities. It can monitor vast areas, including the Indian Ocean and parts of Indian territory. This development poses serious implications for India’s national security and missile programme.
10. The India-Bangladesh Naval Exercise Bongosagar 2025 took place in March 2025 in the Bay of Bengal. This event marked step in strengthening the bilateral military relationship between India and Bangladesh. The exercise aimed to enhance maritime security through collaborative operations and interoperability between the two navies. INS Ranvir, a destroyer from the Indian Navy, and BNS Abu Ubaidah, a frigate from the Bangladesh Navy, were the main vessels involved.
11. Recently, the Aeronautical Development Agency (ADA) successfully conducted a test launch of the Astra missile from the Light Combat Aircraft (LCA) AF MK1 prototype. This milestone event occurred off the coast of Chandipur, Odisha. The successful launch demonstrated the missile’s accuracy and effectiveness, marking progress in India’s indigenous defence capabilities.
12. Recently, India reaffirmed its commitment to combat terrorism at the 4th ‘No Money for Terror’ Conference. The nation emphasised the importance of global unity against terrorism. India brought into light the evolving complexities in terror financing due to advancements in digital technology. This has made tracking the flow of funds more challenging.
13. The 14th ASEAN Defence Minister’s Meeting-Plus (ADMM-Plus) Experts Working Group (EWG) on Counter-Terrorism will take place in New Delhi on 19th – 20th March 2025. India and Malaysia will co-chair this meeting. This is the first time India will co-chair the EWG on Counter-Terrorism.
14. Recently, Garden Reach Shipbuilders and Engineers (GRSE) Ltd successfully completed Contractor Sea Trials (CSTs) for two naval vessels, the Himgiri and Androth. These trials mark milestone in India’s naval shipbuilding efforts. The Himgiri is an Advanced Frigate, part of Project 17A, while the Androth is an Anti-Submarine Warfare Shallow Water Craft.
15. Sonic weapons have emerged as contentious tools in crowd control. Recent protests in Serbia have brought into light their potential use. President Aleksandar Vucic denied allegations of using a banned sonic weapon against demonstrators. This raises questions about the legality and ethics of such devices. Sonic weapons can produce loud sounds designed to disperse crowds.
16. India celebrated advancement in its naval capabilities with the launch of the stealth frigate ‘Tavasya’ on 22nd March 2025. This event, held at Goa Shipyard Limited, marks a very important moment in India’s indigenous shipbuilding journey. The launch was officiated by Raksha Rajya Mantri Shri Sanjay Seth, denoting India’s commitment to self-reliance in defence.
17. Lithuania has recently withdrawn from the international convention banning cluster bombs. This decision is driven by security concerns regarding Russia. The move has faced backlash from human rights organisations. Lithuania’s actions signal a shift in defence strategy amidst rising tensions in Eastern Europe.
18. The Indian Navy is set to conduct maritime exercise named AIKEYME, aimed at enhancing defence cooperation with several African nations. This initiative aligns with Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s vision, termed MAHASAGAR, promoting security and growth across regions. The exercise will take place off the coast of Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania.
19. Loitering munitions, often referred to as “kamikaze drones,” are transforming combat dynamics. These advanced weapons combine the surveillance capabilities of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) with the precision of guided missiles. They hover over targets, tracking them before striking with lethal accuracy. This approach enables a seamless integration of intelligence gathering and destruction.
20. On 26th March 2025, the Defence Research & Development Organisation (DRDO) and the Indian Navy successfully conducted a flight test of the Vertically-Launched Short-Range Surface-to-Air Missile (VLSRSAM). This test took place at the Integrated Test Range (ITR) in Chandipur, Odisha. It marks advancement in India’s defence capabilities.
21. Recently, the Ministry of Defence of India signed contracts aimed at modernising the country’s defence capabilities. These agreements, valued at approximately Rs. 2,500 crore, include the procurement of the Nag Missile System (NAMIS) and around 5,000 light vehicles.
22. The 14th edition of the Indian-Russia bilateral naval exercise INDRA is scheduled from 28th March to 2nd April 2025 off the coast of Chennai. This exercise represents milestone in the maritime partnership between India and Russia. Since its inception in 2003, INDRA has evolved into a vital platform for enhancing naval cooperation and operational synergy between the two nations.
23. The Indian Air Force (IAF) is participating in Exercise INIOCHOS-25. This biennial multinational air exercise is hosted by the Hellenic Air Force in Greece. Scheduled from 31st March to 11th April 2025, the exercise aims to enhance international cooperation among air forces. It focuses on simulating modern air warfare challenges.
24. Recently, Myanmar experienced a catastrophic earthquake that resulted in loss of life and widespread destruction. In response, India launched ‘Operation Brahma’ to provide urgent humanitarian assistance. This operation marks India’s commitment to its ‘Neighbourhood First’ policy and the principle of ‘Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam’, meaning the world is one family.
Monthly Current Affairs March 2025
Business, Economy & Banking
1. Recently, US President Donald Trump announced the formation of a United States ‘Crypto Strategic Reserve’. This initiative includes major cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin, Ethereum, XRP, Solana, and Cardano. The announcement came just before the White House Crypto Summit, marking shift in the US government’s approach to digital assets.
2. NITI Aayog recently published a report titled From Borrowers to Builders – Women’s Role in India’s Financial Growth Story. This report marks the increasing participation of women in seeking credit and managing their financial health. As of December 2024, 27 million women were monitoring their credit scores. This reflects a 42% increase from the previous year, indicating rise in financial awareness among women in India.
3. Currently, the global demand for copper is escalating. This surge is driven by the rise of electric vehicles and clean energy technologies. Countries like India, China, and the United States are prioritising the establishment of secure supply chains.
4. India’s recent decision to impose a capital gains tax on foreign investors has stirred debate. Market experts, including Samir Arora, have termed it a major misstep by the government. The tax is seen as a deterrent for foreign institutional investors (FIIs), potentially leading to a decline in foreign investment in Indian markets.
5. Recently, Chinese Premier Li Qiang addressed the National People’s Congress, denoting the government’s commitment to combating ‘Neijuan’. This term, meaning involutionary competition, describes a cycle of diminishing returns caused by excessive competition. As China’s economy slows, the government seeks to create a sustainable business environment while addressing international criticism.
6. Recently, India is enhancing its energy procurement strategy, particularly from the United States. This shift comes amid rising global energy demands and geopolitical tensions. Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s discussions with U.S. President Donald Trump mark commitment to increase oil and natural gas imports. India aims to secure its energy future while diversifying its sources.
7. RBI Governor Sanjay Malhotra recently outlined plans for a dedicated ‘on Tap’ cohort within the RBI’s Regulatory Sandbox. This initiative aims to encourage innovation in the financial sector related to climate change and sustainability.
8. Recently, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) introduced a framework for recognising self-regulatory organisations (SROs) within the account aggregator (AA) ecosystem. This initiative aims to enhance the accountability and governance of non-banking financial companies (NBFCs) engaged in account aggregation.
9. Recently, India is exploring trade strategies with the United States amidst rising tariff threats. Industry stakeholders advocate for a zero-for-zero tariff approach. This method proposes eliminating tariffs on specific products rather than negotiating a broad trade agreement. Proponents argue this could enhance India’s export competitiveness while protecting sensitive sectors.
10. India and New Zealand have resumed negotiations for a Free Trade Agreement (FTA) after a decade-long hiatus. This decision marks step towards enhancing bilateral economic ties. The announcement coincided with New Zealand Prime Minister Christopher Luxon’s visit to India. The two nations aim to unlock new trade opportunities and encourage mutual growth.
11. Recently, India’s merchandise trade deficit fell to $14.05 billion. This marked the lowest level in over three years. The decline was primarily driven by contraction in both exports and imports. Factors such as decreasing global petroleum prices and economic uncertainty due to US trade practices played important role.
12. On 5th November, 2024, the euro was valued at 1.0933 US dollars. This exchange rate is crucial as it influences global trade and investment. Following the election of Donald Trump, the euro experienced a decline, reaching 1.0277 dollars by 20th January 2025. However, by 17th March 2025, it rebounded to 1.0919 dollars. These fluctuations highlight the sensitivity of currency values to economic and political events.
13. Recent trends indicate shift in the demographics of Indian migrants. According to the Reserve Bank of India’s latest survey, skilled professionals are increasingly moving to advanced economies. This change is reflected in the rising share of remittances from countries like the United States, which now leads in sending money back to India.
14. The Government of India plans to launch a statistical business register by the end of 2025. This initiative aims to monitor the opening and closing of businesses across the nation. It will provide a framework for the economic census and various business surveys. The register is designed to enhance data accuracy and reduce errors in business information collection.
15. Recently, the United States continues to grapple with trade deficit. In 2024, the trade deficit exceeded $1 trillion for the fourth consecutive year. The persistent imbalance indicates a reliance on imported goods over domestic manufacturing. This situation has sparked debates regarding strategies to boost US manufacturing and address trade deficits.
16. India’s government has recently decided to discontinue $23 billion initiative aimed at boosting domestic manufacturing. Launched four years ago, the Production-Linked Initiative (PLI) sought to attract firms away from China. However, the scheme struggled to meet its ambitious targets. This decision marks a very important moment in India’s manufacturing landscape.
17. The United States is keen to enhance its access to the Indian market for three crops – soybean, corn, and cotton. This interest intensified following statements from former US President Donald Trump, who threatened to impose equal tariffs on Indian exports. The US agricultural sector has historically relied on exports, with a total value of nearly $62 billion in 2022.
18. The Government of India proposed the abolition of the Equalisation Levy on online advertisements on 24th March 2025. This move is part of 59 amendments to the Finance Bill 2025, currently debated in the Lok Sabha. The proposal is seen as an effort to encourage better relations with the United States, which has threatened reciprocal tariffs.
19. India has recently introduced anti-dumping duties on five products imported from China. This decision aims to protect local industries from unfair competition posed by low-priced imports. Imposing anti-dumping duties can help restore fair competition. It protects domestic industries from being undercut by cheaper imports.
20. The Government of India has recently decided to discontinue the medium- and long-term components of the Gold Monetisation Scheme (GMS). This decision, effective from 26th March 2025, comes amid rising gold prices and a comprehensive review of the scheme’s performance.
21. The India BioEconomy Report was released recently by the Department of Biotechnology. It revealed that, in 2024, bioeconomy was valued at over $165 billion, contributing more than 4.2% to the national GDP. The Department of Biotechnology anticipates growth to $300 billion by 2030 and $1 trillion by 2047.
22. Recently, amendments to the taxation framework for Alternative Investment Funds (AIFs) were proposed in the Finance Bill. These changes aim to clarify the tax treatment of securities held by AIFs and enhance transparency in investment structures. The amendments are part of a broader effort to align tax laws with the evolving regulatory environment.
23. The Government of India has announced borrowing plan for the first half of the financial year 2025-26. The plan involves raising Rs. 8 trillion from the market, constituting 54% of the total borrowing target of Rs. 14.82 trillion. This initiative includes the issuance of Rs. 10,000 crore in sovereign green bonds.
Science & Technology
1. The World Health Organization (WHO) has identified encephalitis as a pressing public health issue. This announcement comes amidst rising cases and under-reporting in India. Experts advocate for a national strategy to effectively address the disease.
2. India’s first dedicated space-based solar mission, Aditya-L1, has achieved milestone. On 22nd February 2025, the Solar Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (SUIT) onboard Aditya-L1 captured the first-ever image of a solar flare ‘kernel’ in the lower solar atmosphere. This observation is crucial for understanding solar activity and its effects on Earth.
3. Recent studies have revealed intriguing connections between lightning and the Earth’s radiation belts. High-energy particles, primarily electrons and protons, are present in two distinct Van Allen radiation belts encircling our planet. These belts were first discovered in the 1950s and have since been a focus of scientific research.
4. On 2nd March 2025, Firefly Aerospace successfully landed its spacecraft, Blue Ghost Mission 1, on the Moon. This marks only the second private mission to achieve a lunar landing and the first to do so upright. This milestone reflects the growing trend of commercial space exploration and NASA’s collaboration with private companies.
5. Researchers recently discovering two new species of jumping spiders in India and a unique leaf-nosed bat in Sri Lanka. These findings highlight the ecological richness of the region and the need for further exploration and conservation efforts.
6. Recent studies have revealed fascinating vital information about the behaviours of narwhals in the Arctic. These iconic marine mammals are known for their long, spiral tusks. Researchers have now observed how narwhals use these tusks for hunting Arctic char and interacting with their environment. The research marks the impact of climate change on narwhal behaviour and their adaptability to a warming Arctic.
7. A research published in The Lancet Global Health journal reveals alarming statistics regarding sepsis in newborns across India. The study examined over 6,600 cases in five district hospitals. It found that portion of newborns diagnosed with sepsis face high mortality rates.
8. Recent advancements in condensed matter physics have illuminated the concept of Bose metals. These materials exhibit unique electrical properties at low temperatures. Their study is crucial for understanding complex quantum behaviours in metals. Researchers have recently reported strong evidence suggesting that niobium diselenide (NbSe2) may act as a Bose metal.
9. India’s telecom sector is undergoing a transformation. The integration of hydrogen fuel cell technology offers a sustainable backup power solution. This innovation aligns with national renewable energy goals. It aims to enhance connectivity while promoting clean energy.
10. NASA’s Voyager spacecraft continue to provide invaluable data from interstellar space. As of March 2025, NASA has initiated energy-saving measures to prolong their missions. This decision comes as Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 operate beyond the Sun’s heliosphere.
11. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex disease where the immune system attacks the central nervous system. Recent studies highlight the role of gut health in the development and severity of MS. The interplay between genetics and environmental factors such as diet and gut microbiota is crucial in understanding this condition.
12. Recent discoveries in the field of zoology have brought into light the importance of soil-dwelling nematodes. Scientists from the Zoological Survey of India have identified a new species named Crassolabium dhritiae in Odisha’s Keonjhar district. This discovery is for understanding soil ecosystems and biodiversity.
13. The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has made strides in developing a semi-cryogenic engine, specifically the SE2000. This engine is crucial for enhancing the power of launch vehicles. Recently, ISRO conducted a successful hot test known as the Power Head Test Article (PHTA).
14. The Camp Hill virus has emerged as concern in the scientific community. Discovered in Alabama, this newly identified henipavirus has raised alarms due to its high fatality rates and potential to cause widespread outbreaks. Virologists are closely monitoring its behaviour, fearing it may mutate to infect humans.
15. Recent findings from the Chandrayaan-3 mission have revealed the potential presence of ice beneath the Moon’s surface, particularly at the poles. This discovery is for future lunar exploration and understanding the Moon’s geological history. The study was conducted by researchers analysing temperature data collected by the mission’s ‘ChaSTE’ probe.
16. The United States is currently experiencing measles outbreak, particularly in West Texas. As of 27th February 2025, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported 164 cases across nine jurisdictions. The outbreak, which began in late January, has resulted in two fatalities, both of which involved unvaccinated individuals.
17. ISRO is advancing its capabilities in space technology by developing a LOX-methane engine for its Next Generation Launch Vehicle (NGLV). This new engine features a reusable booster stage and two expendable upper stages. The initiative aims to enhance mission flexibility through multiple restarts.
18. The IndiaAI Mission has marked its first anniversary with advancements in artificial intelligence. On this occasion, Union IT Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw introduced the IndiaAI compute portal and the AIKosha dataset platform. These initiatives aim to enhance access to AI resources and encourage innovation across various sectors.
19. Recently, NITI Aayog established the NITI Frontier Tech Hub to enhance India’s capabilities in this field. A strategic paper was released detailing the implications of quantum computing on national security. This document marks how quantum technology will reshape various sectors and enhance security measures.
20. Recent studies have brought into light the connection between gut-friendly bacteria and the treatment of vitiligo, a chronic autoimmune disorder characterised by loss of skin pigmentation. This condition affects portion of the global population, leading to both cosmetic concerns and psychological distress.
21. Recently, the tragic deaths of actor Gene Hackman and his wife Betsy Arakawa drew attention to hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS). Arakawa’s death, attributed to HPS, brought into light the dangers of this rodent-borne virus.
22. Scientists have confirmed the existence of Plastic Ice VII, a fourth form of water that emerges under extreme conditions. This revelation, led by Livia Bove from Sorbonne University, alters our comprehension of water’s behaviour in harsh planetary environments.
23. Scrub typhus is an infectious disease affecting rural populations in India. Recent research marks its prevalence and impact on health. Conducted by the Christian Medical College, Vellore, and the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, the study examined over 32,000 individuals in Tamil Nadu. It revealed that scrub typhus is often overlooked as a cause of fever hospitalisations.
24. Recently, the Government of India announced the establishment of four thematic hubs to advance quantum computing technology. This initiative is part of the National Quantum Mission (NQM). The hubs will facilitate research and development in quantum computing, communication, and sensing.
25. Recent advancements in quantum physics have revealed a remarkable phenomenon – light can be transformed into a “supersolid.” This breakthrough, achieved by Italian researchers, marks a new phase of matter that combines the properties of solids and superfluids.
26. Recently, the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) announced the development of two advanced 32-bit microprocessors, Vikram 3201 and Kalpana 3201. These processors are designed for space applications and represent leap in India’s indigenous technology capabilities. They were developed in collaboration with the Semiconductor Laboratory (SCL) in Chandigarh.
27. Recent research has revealed important genetic factors contributing to obesity in Labrador retrievers. A study published in the journal Science marks the role of the DENND1B gene in regulating appetite and body mass. Conducted by a team at the University of Cambridge, this research not only sheds light on canine obesity but also offers insights applicable to human obesity.
28. India has recently made strides in cancer treatment with the introduction of CAR T-cell therapy. The results from the first clinical trials have been published in The Lancet, showcasing a remarkable success rate. This therapy is a game changer for patients with blood cancers. It offers hope to those who have exhausted other treatment options.
29. Recent studies have reignited interest in how life began on Earth. Traditionally, the Miller-Urey hypothesis suggested that lightning strikes on primordial oceans created the necessary organic compounds for life. However, new research indicates that crashing waterfalls and breaking waves may have played important role in generating these compounds through a process involving water sprays.
30. The United States has recently reported its first outbreak of the H7N9 bird flu since 2017. This outbreak occurred on a poultry farm in Mississippi and has raised concerns regarding food safety and public health. The H7N9 strain is known for its high mortality rate in humans.
31. Recently, France made breakthrough in clean energy with the discovery of a vast reserve of natural hydrogen in Folschviller, Moselle. This reserve is estimated to contain 46 million tons of “white hydrogen,” a naturally occurring gas that offers a sustainable alternative to traditional hydrogen production methods.
32. Recent advancements in cyclone research have emerged from the Indian National Centre for Ocean Information and Services (INCOIS). Scientists have successfully quantified the oceanic and atmospheric factors influencing cyclone formation and intensification.
33. Chandrayaan-4 is India’s fourth lunar mission, set to launch in October 2027. The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) aims to achieve a remarkable feat by not only soft landing on the Moon but also collecting lunar samples and returning them to Earth. This mission represents advancement in India’s space exploration capabilities.
34. Noma, also known as cancrum oris, is a severe, gangrenous disease primarily affecting children aged 2 to 6 years. It is classified as a neglected tropical disease by the World Health Organization (WHO) as of December 2023. Noma is most prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa but has also been reported in parts of Asia and the Americas.
35. Researchers from Sweden have discovered a new type of magnetism called altermagnetism. This discovery has the potential to enhance electronic device performance. Altermagnetism could increase memory device operation speeds by up to a thousand times. This breakthrough may lead to faster and more efficient technologies.
36. The Department of Biotechnology (DBT) has advanced its efforts in combating tuberculosis (TB) through genomic sequencing initiative. As of March 2025, DBT has sequenced 10,000 samples of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, part of a larger goal to sequence 32,500 samples. This initiative aims to enhance understanding of drug-resistant TB and its unique genomic features in India.
37. Tuberculosis (TB) remains global health challenge. Despite advances in medicine, it affects millions each year. TB is primarily caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly targets the lungs but can also affect other organs.
38. Recent discoveries in the Pilbara region of Western Australia have revealed the oldest known meteorite impact crater on Earth. Formed over 3.5 billion years ago, this crater predates all previously known craters by more than a billion years. The findings support theories regarding the formation of Earth’s first continents.
39. DNA fingerprinting has revolutionised the fields of forensics, genealogy, and medicine. It is a powerful tool used to identify individuals based on their unique genetic makeup. This technology relies on the analysis of DNA, which is present in every cell of the body.
40. Recent advancements in Lyme disease research have revealed a promising target for therapeutics. Scientists have identified an enzyme called BbLDH, crucial for the survival and infectivity of the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi. This discovery paves the way for more effective treatments against Lyme disease and potentially other tick-borne illnesses.
41. NASA astronauts Butch Wilmore and Sunita Williams safely returned to Earth on 18th March 2025 (19th March in India) after spending over nine months in space due to delays in the Boeing Starliner Crew Flight Test (CFT) mission. Their SpaceX Crew Dragon capsule, Freedom, splashed down in the Gulf of Mexico near Tallahassee, Florida, concluding a mission that garnered global attention.
42. The European Space Agency (ESA) has officially concluded its Gaia mission on 27th March 2025. Launched in December 2013, Gaia has advanced our understanding of the Milky Way galaxy. This mission has provided unprecedented vital information about the galaxy’s structure and evolution through extensive observations.
43. Recent advancements in space exploration have raised concerns about the health risks associated with Martian dust. Researchers from several prestigious institutions have identified the toxic components of Martian dust and the necessary precautions for astronauts. As NASA and the Chinese Manned Space Agency plan missions to Mars, understanding these risks becomes crucial.
44. Recently, ISRO achieved breakthrough in space propulsion technology with the successful hot test of its Semicryogenic engine. This engine is designed to power the Semicryogenic booster stage of the Launch Vehicle Mark-3 (LVM3) and boasts a thrust of 2,000 kN. The test, conducted at the ISRO Propulsion Complex in Mahendragiri, Tamil Nadu.
45. Recently, SpaceX is set to launch the Fram2 mission. The mission will take astronauts directly over Earth’s polar regions. It aims to conduct a series of scientific experiments. These include the first X-ray in space and cultivating mushrooms in microgravity. The results may pave the way for future missions to Mars.
Monthly Current Affairs March 2025
Government Schemes
1. The Government of India has successfully established 10,000 Farmer Producer Organisations (FPOs) as part of its flagship scheme. This initiative, launched in February 2020, aims to enhance agricultural productivity and boost rural economies. The milestone was marked by the registration of the 10,000th FPO in Khagaria district, Bihar.
2. Recently, India implemented regulations to boost infrastructure development on its national waterways. The National Waterways (Construction of Jetties/Terminals) Regulations aim to streamline the establishment of jetties and terminals by various entities. These regulations are expected to attract private investment and improve logistical efficiency across the country’s extensive waterways network.
3. Recently, the Government of India has allocated funds to states under the Special Assistance scheme. This programme is designed to aid states financially through interest-free loans for 50 years. The scheme aims to promote capital investment and support state-led reforms.
4. The Swavalambini Women Entrepreneurship Programme was launched in 2025 by the Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship (MSDE) in collaboration with NITI Aayog. This initiative aims to empower female students in Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) by equipping them with entrepreneurial skills, resources, and mentorship.
5. The Union Cabinet has recently approved revision of the Livestock Health and Disease Control Programme (LHDCP). This initiative has an outlay of Rs. 3,880 crore for the years 2024-25 and 2025-26. The primary objective is to enhance the health of livestock and poultry through various strategic measures.
6. Pradhan Mantri Shram Yogi Maandhan (PM-SYM) is pension scheme initiated by the Government of India. Launched in the Interim Budget of 2019, it aims to provide social security to unorganised sector workers. This scheme guarantees a monthly pension of Rs. 3,000 for eligible workers after they turn 60 years old.
7. Recently, Punjab emerged as a leader in implementing the Agriculture Infrastructure Fund (AIF) scheme. The state utilised its entire allocation of Rs. 4,713 crore, securing an additional Rs. 2,337 crore from the Centre.
8. The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA) has approved the construction of ropeways from Sonprayag to Kedarnath and from Govindghat to Hemkund Sahib Ji. These projects aim to provide efficient, eco-friendly transportation for thousands of pilgrims each year.
9. The Pashu Aushadhi initiative is a new government programme aimed at providing affordable veterinary medicines in India. This initiative is designed to support those involved in animal husbandry and dairying. It follows the successful model of the Pradhan Mantri Bharatiya Janaushadhi Kendras (PMBJK), which supply affordable generic medicines for human health.
10. Recently, Punjab launched ‘Project Hifazat’, a transformative initiative aimed at boosting support for women and children facing violence. The project was unveiled on the eve of International Women’s Day. This initiative seeks to create a comprehensive response mechanism to address domestic violence and harassment, ensuring a safer environment for victims to report abuse.
11. Recently, the GST Council established a Group of Ministers (GoM) to propose strategies for revenue mobilisation during natural calamities. This decision followed a meeting on 21st December 2024, where the need for a structured response to disasters was brought into light. The GoM will focus on creating uniform policies for levying a special calamity cess.
12. The Government of India has introduced a modified Ethanol Interest Subvention Scheme. This initiative aims to enhance the operational viability of Cooperative Sugar Mills (CSMs). The scheme allows these mills to convert their existing sugarcane-based ethanol plants into multi-feedstock facilities.
13. The Surat Food Security Saturation Campaign Programme was launched by Prime Minister Narendra Modi in Limbayat, Surat. This initiative aims to distribute benefits under the National Food Security Act to over 2.3 lakh beneficiaries. The campaign marks Surat’s spirit of unity and collective progress, reinforcing the importance of food security for the poor and marginalized.
14. On International Women’s Day 2025, the newly elected BJP government in Delhi launched the Mahila Samriddhi Yojana. This scheme aims to provide financial support to women from economically weaker sections. Each eligible woman will receive Rs. 2,500 monthly.
15. The Karnataka Assembly recently passed the Greater Bengaluru Governance Bill, aiming to decentralise power and improve urban governance. Deputy Chief Minister D. K. Shivakumar introduced the Bill, asserting it would strengthen Bengaluru rather than dismantle it. The proposal faced strong opposition from the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), which expressed concerns regarding the concentration of power.
16. The Economically Weaker Section (E.W.S.) and Disadvantaged Group (D.G.) quota is initiative in India’s education landscape. Announced by the Delhi Directorate of Education, the recent admissions for the 2025 academic session selected about 44,000 children from over two lakh applications.
17. In 2023, the Government of India launched the “75/25” initiative on World Hypertension Day. This initiative aims to provide standardised care to 75 million individuals living with hypertension and diabetes by December 2025. As of March 2025, 42.01 million individuals have received treatment for hypertension, and 25.27 million for diabetes.
18. The Government of India is advancing Rs. 7,000 crore for the Unified Pension Scheme (UPS). This funding is part of a larger proposal for over Rs. 51,000 crore in additional expenditures. The UPS is designed to provide assured retirement payouts for Central government employees. The scheme will commence on 1st April 2025, benefiting around 23 lakh employees.
19. Recently, report titled ‘Rethinking Affirmative Action for Muslims in Contemporary India’ was released. This document is the first comprehensive assessment of government policies concerning affirmative action for Muslims in a decade.
20. The Ministry of Mines is launching India’s first auction of Exploration Licences (ELs) in Goa. This reform aims to unlock critical mineral resources. The event will occur on 13th March 2025, and will feature a roadshow and the AI Hackathon 2025. This hackathon focuses on using artificial intelligence for mineral targeting.
21. The Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports in India has released the Draft National Code Against Age Fraud in Sports (NCAAFS) 2025. This initiative aims to combat age fraud in sports, ensuring fair competition and protecting genuine athletes. The draft is open for public comments and suggestions, marking update after 15 years.
22. The Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana-Gramin (PMAY-G) is a flagship rural housing scheme launched in India. It aims to provide quality housing to rural households. However, recent criticisms have brought into light shortcomings in its implementation. A Parliamentary Standing Committee report has raised concerns about the identification of beneficiaries and the adequacy of financial support under the scheme.
23. Recently, Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman announced the launch of a dedicated app for the Prime Minister’s Internship Scheme (PMIS). This initiative aims to boost participation by simplifying the registration process for the second round of the scheme.
24. The Parliamentary Standing Committee on Health and Family Welfare has proposed consolidating all AYUSH drug-related standards under a single independent drug controller. This recommendation aligns with the Drugs and Cosmetics Act of 1940. The committee aims to streamline processes and enhance the efficiency of AYUSH drug standardisation.
25. Recently, the Department of Telecommunications (DoT) in India partnered with WhatsApp to combat online scams and spam through the ScamSeBacho campaign. This initiative aims to educate citizens about identifying and reporting fraudulent communications. The collaboration is part of India’s broader digital safety strategy as the nation continues its digital transformation.
26. The Union government advised states to cut down cooking oil use by 10% in mid-day meals in government and aided schools. This is part of the Pradhan Mantri Poshan Shakti Nirman (PM-POSHAN) scheme to encourage healthier eating habits in students.
27. The Rajasthan Coaching Centres (Control and Regulation) Bill in 2025 aims to regulate coaching centres across the state. The government seeks to create a safer environment for students. The Bill addresses the alarming rise in student suicides linked to high-pressure coaching environments.
28. The Lok Sabha Secretariat and MEITY signed an agreement for ‘Sansad Bhashini,’ an initiative that uses AI to support multiple languages and improve parliamentary work. The initiative is designed to improve access to parliamentary documents for Members of Parliament (MPs) and citizens alike.
29. The Government of India has approved the Revised National Programme for Dairy Development (NPDD). This initiative aims to modernise the dairy sector with budget increase. The total funding now stands at Rs. 2,790 crore for the 15th Finance Commission cycle, covering 2021-22 to 2025-26.
30. The Revised Rashtriya Gokul Mission (RGM) is initiative by the Government of India aimed at enhancing the livestock sector. The mission has received an additional allocation of Rs. 1,000 crore, bringing the total to Rs. 3,400 crore for the 15th Finance Commission cycle from 2021-22 to 2025-26.
31. The Government of India has introduced an incentive scheme to promote low-value BHIM-UPI transactions for the financial year 2024-25. This initiative aims to enhance digital payments, particularly for small merchants. The scheme will run from 1st April 2024, to 31st March 2025, with an estimated budget of Rs. 1,500 crore.
32. he Centre for Development of Telematics (C-DoT) has recently launched the Samarth Incubation Program. This initiative aims to support startups in India’s telecommunications and IT sectors. It focuses on innovation and technological advancements. The program is a collaborative effort with the Software Technology Parks of India (STPI) as its implementation partner.
33. The Automated Permanent Academic Account Registry (APAAR) ID is aspect of India’s National Education Policy (NEP) 2020. It aims to streamline student data management across educational institutions. Despite being portrayed as voluntary, there is growing pressure on parents and schools to adopt the APAAR system.
34. Recently, Telangana has achieved notable success in the Shyama Prasad Mukherji Rurban Mission (SPMRM). As of 25th January 2025, it ranks fourth in India with a score of 91.87. This mission, initiated by the Government of India, aims to develop 300 clusters of villages. It strives to bridge the rural-urban divide while maintaining rural community life.
35. The Demand for Grants is important element in India’s budgetary framework. It is the formal request for funds by various ministries from the Consolidated Fund of India. This process is outlined in Article 113 of the Constitution. The Lok Sabha votes on these demands, which are essential for government expenditure.
36. The National e-Vidhan Application (NeVA) is a revolutionary workflow system deployed on the NIC Cloud, MeghRaj. It aims to enhance the efficiency and transparency of legislative processes across India. NeVA facilitates a paperless environment for legislative business, allowing Members of the House to manage their responsibilities seamlessly through digital means.
37. In 2024, Gujarat made strides towards eliminating tuberculosis (TB) under Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s initiative. The state has achieved a remarkable 95 percent of the target set by NITI Aayog for TB registration and treatment success.
38. The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS) has faced challenges regarding job card deletions. In recent years, the deletions have surged, prompting the Ministry of Rural Development to introduce new guidelines. These guidelines aim to ensure transparency and fairness in the deletion process while addressing the concerns of affected workers.
39. Recently, the Kerala Assembly passed the Kerala State Private Universities (Establishment and Regulation) Bill. This legislation allows private universities to operate in Kerala, making it the last state in India to do so. The bill marks shift in the Left’s long-standing opposition to private education.
40. Kerala became the first state of India to establish a Senior Citizens Commission. The Kerala Legislative Assembly passed the Kerala State Senior Citizens Commission Bill in early 2025. This initiative aims to enhance the welfare and rights of the elderly population in the state.
41. India has made substantial advancements in social protection coverage. The Ministry of Labour and Employment, in collaboration with the International Labour Organization (ILO), has initiated a comprehensive data-pooling exercise. This project aims to enhance the understanding of social protection benefits across the country.
42. Recently, India launched the ‘Digital Excellence for Growth and Enterprise’ (Dx-EDGE) initiative. This platform aims to empower micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) with essential digital tools and knowledge. The initiative is a collaboration between the Confederation of Indian Industry (CII), NITI Aayog, and the All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE).
43. The Lok Sabha recently passed the Tribhuvan Sahkari University Bill, 2025, marking step in cooperative education in India. This initiative aims to establish the country’s first national cooperative university at the Institute of Rural Management Anand (IRMA) in Gujarat. The university is designed to enhance education, research, and training in the cooperative sector nationwide.
44. Recently, India and Japan formalised loan agreements totalling 191.736 billion Japanese yen. This funding aims to support six diverse projects under Japan’s Official Development Assistance (ODA). The projects focus on crucial areas including urban transport, aquaculture, forest management, and biodiversity conservation.
45. Recently, the Union Health Ministry released the national guidelines on medical oxygen management and announced a national capacity building programme. The National Capacity Building Programme on Oxygen Management, led by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare in collaboration with AIIMS, New Delhi, aims to enhance the management of medical oxygen across healthcare facilities in India.
46. The Government of India is set to launch “Sahkar Taxi,” a cooperative-based taxi service. This initiative aims to provide a viable alternative to popular ride-hailing platforms such as Ola and Uber. Union Minister Amit Shah announced this plan in Parliament, denoting its focus on benefiting drivers directly rather than large corporations. The service will encompass two-wheeler taxis, auto-rickshaws, and four-wheeler taxis across the country.
47. On 28th March 2025, the Union Cabinet of India approved the Electronics Component Manufacturing Scheme. This initiative is backed by a substantial budget of Rs. 22,919 crore. The scheme aims to enhance India’s electronics manufacturing capabilities, focusing on the production of crucial electronic components. It represents step in the government’s ongoing efforts to establish a robust electronics manufacturing ecosystem.
48. The Strengthening Multimodal and Integrated Logistics Ecosystem (SMILE) Programme is an initiative funded by the Asian Development Bank (ADB). Launched to enhance India’s logistics infrastructure, the programme aims to reduce logistics costs and increase overall efficiency. It is aligned with the National Logistics Policy and the PM Gati Shakti National Master Plan.
49. On 6th April 2025, Prime Minister Narendra Modi will inaugurate the New Pamban Bridge in Rameshwaram, Tamil Nadu. This event coincides with Ram Navami, marking milestone in India’s infrastructure development. The bridge, measuring 2.5 kilometres, enhances connectivity between mainland India and Rameshwaram Island.
50. The Kosi Mechi Intra-State Link Project is initiative aimed at improving irrigation and flood management in Bihar. Recently approved by the Cabinet, this project is part of the Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchai Yojana-Accelerated Irrigation Benefits Programme (PMKSY-AIBP). The project will utilise surplus water from the Kosi River to enhance irrigation in the Mahananda basin.
51. The Startup Mahakumbh 2025, scheduled for 3rd – 5th April 2025, at Bharat Mandapam, New Delhi, is initiative by the Ministry of Tribal Affairs (MoTA). This event aims to empower Scheduled Tribe (ST) entrepreneurs by providing them with a platform to showcase their innovations and connect with industry leaders. It coincides with the Janjatiya Gaurav Varsh, celebrating the 150th birth anniversary of Bhagwan Birsa Munda, a prominent tribal leader.
Awards & Honours
1. Recently, Prime Minister Narendra Modi was awarded the ‘Honorary Order of Freedom of Barbados’ in recognition of his leadership during the COVID-19 pandemic. The award was presented by Pabitra Margherita, Minister of State for External Affairs and Textiles, during a ceremony in Bridgetown, Barbados.
2. On 1st March 2025, Prince Frederik of Luxembourg passed away in Paris at the age of 22 after a long battle with POLG mitochondrial disease. His family announced the news later, denoting his struggle with this rare genetic disorder. Diagnosed at 14, Frederik became an advocate for research and founded The POLG Foundation in 2022.
3. Jayshree Vencatesan, co-founder of Care Earth Trust, recently made history as the first Indian to receive the Ramsar Award for ‘Wetland Wise Use’. This prestigious global accolade recognises exceptional contributions to sustainable wetland management. The announcement coincided with International Women’s Day, denoting the role of women in environmental conservation.
4. Prime Minister Narendra Modi was awarded the Grand Commander of the Order of the Star and Key of the Indian Ocean by Mauritius. This prestigious accolade is the highest civilian honour in Mauritius. Modi is the first Indian to receive this honour. It puts stress on the historical ties between India and Mauritius.
5. Recently, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) received the Digital Transformation Award from Central Banking in London. The award specifically acknowledges RBI’s initiatives, Sarthi and Pravaah, which have modernised its operations.
6. Gunter Bloschl, a renowned hydrologist, has been awarded the prestigious Stockholm Water Prize in 2025. This recognition marks his contributions to flood risk management and water resource engineering. His work has transformed the understanding of floods and their relationship with climate change.
7. The Abel Prize for mathematics was awarded to Masaki Kashiwara in 2025. The 78-year-old Japanese mathematician received this honour for his contributions to algebraic analysis and representation theory. The Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters recognised his work in developing D-modules and discovering crystal bases.
Monthly Current Affairs March 2025
Sports
1. Vidarbha were crowned Ranji Trophy champions for the third time in seven seasons after a dominant performance in the 2024-25 edition final against Kerala in Nagpur. Led by Akshay Wadkar, the team completed the formality on 2nd March after the big final at Vidarbha Cricket Association Stadium ended in a draw, securing victory based on their first-innings lead.
2. The 2025 Bengaluru Open ATP 125 Challenger witnessed an intense competition among top tennis players, culminating in an electrifying final match. Brandon Holt of the United States emerged victorious, defeating Shintaro Mochizuki of Japan to claim the singles title at the KSLTA Tennis Stadium, Bengaluru on 2nd March 2025.
3. In a major development ahead of the 18th season of the Indian Premier League (IPL) 2025, England batter Harry Brook has withdrawn from the tournament for the second consecutive year. His withdrawal could result in a two-year ban from future IPL editions, as per the new rules introduced by the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI).
4. The famous ski resort of Gulmarg, located in Jammu and Kashmir, is all set to host the Khelo India Winter Games (KIWG) 2025 from 9th to 12th March. The much-awaited event was earlier scheduled from 22nd to 25th February but due to a lack of snow, it had to be postponed.
5. Test cricket is set to witness a monumental milestone as Australia and England lock horns in a special one-off day-night Test match to commemorate the 150th anniversary of the first-ever Test match. Cricket Australia (CA) confirmed that the iconic Melbourne Cricket Ground (MCG) will host this landmark pink-ball Test from 11th to 15th March 2027.
6. Australian cricketing great Steve Smith has announced his retirement from One-Day Internationals (ODIs), bringing an end to a remarkable career in the 50-over format. Known for his unorthodox yet highly effective batting style, Smith leaves behind an enduring legacy in Australian cricket.
7. Bangladesh’s seasoned wicketkeeper-batsman, Mushfiqur Rahim, has officially announced his retirement from One Day Internationals (ODIs) after the conclusion of Bangladesh’s Champions Trophy campaign. The veteran cricketer took to Instagram to share his decision, marking the end of a 19-year-long journey in ODI cricket.
8. India has once again made history by winning the ICC Champions Trophy for the third time. In an exciting final against New Zealand, India displayed skill, resilience, and teamwork to claim victory. Chasing 252 runs, India reached 252/6. This triumph further establishes India as a dominant force in world cricket.
9. Indian football legend Sunil Chhetri has made a sensational comeback to the national team at the age of 40, reversing his retirement decision from last year. The former captain and India’s all-time leading goal scorer had bid farewell in June 2024 after a World Cup qualifier against Kuwait.
10. Mumbai Indians secured their second WPL title in three seasons, defeating Delhi Capitals by 8 runs in the thrilling final. Mumbai Indians defeated Delhi Capitals by 8 runs in the WPL 2025 final on 15th March, securing their second title. Skipper Harmanpreet Kaur led the charge with a brilliant 66 off 44, guiding MI to 149/7 after being put in to bat at Brabourne Stadium.
11. The Indian Open 2025 PSA Copper event, held at Bombay Gymkhana, Mumbai, from 24th – 28th March 2025, saw Anahat Singh and Kareem El Torkey clinch the women’s and men’s singles titles, respectively. This was Anahat Singh’s 11th PSA title, reinforcing her dominance as India’s number one-ranked women’s squash player.
12. The Khelo India Para Games 2025 is set to take place from 20th to 27th March 2025, across three venues in New Delhi. Ahead of the event, Dr. Mansukh Mandaviya, Minister of Youth Affairs and Sports, launched the official anthem at Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium. The mascot, ‘Ujjwala,’ was introduced by Raksha Nikhil Khadse, Minister of State for Sports.
Monthly Current Affairs March 2025
Monthly Current Affairs February 2025
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