Monthly Current Affairs February 2025
National
1. In judgement, the Bombay High Court has quashed a case filed under the Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989. The court ruled that the alleged offences did not occur in “public view,” important requirement for prosecution under the Act. This ruling marks the importance of specific conditions that must be met for charges under the SC/ST Act to hold.
2. The recent socio-economic survey in Telangana has revealed vital information about the state’s demographic structure. Conducted across 50 days, the survey reached over 35 million individuals. It marks the population distribution among various caste categories, with Backward Classes (BC) making up the majority.
3. The Gujarat government is taking steps to implement the Uniform Civil Code (UCC) within the state. Chief Minister Bhupendra Patel recently announced the formation of a five-member committee tasked with drafting the UCC. This initiative follows the successful implementation of the UCC in Uttarakhand.
4. Furlough and parole are two legal terms related to the temporary release of prisoners in India. They serve different purposes and are governed by distinct rules. Recently, the Delhi High Court has been examining the Delhi prison rules regarding furlough, particularly in cases where a convict’s appeal is pending.
5. Recently, Bhopal’s district collector implemented a ban on begging across all public spaces. This decision came shortly after Indore introduced similar measures. These actions are rooted in the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS), 2023, which empowers officials to address urgent nuisances.
6. The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Board of India (IBBI) has proposed a new framework aimed at enhancing the efficiency of the Corporate Insolvency Resolution Process (CIRP). This initiative addresses the challenges faced by interconnected corporate entities undergoing insolvency.
7. The Supreme Court of India is currently examining the powers of Governors in the legislative process. This scrutiny arises from petitions filed by the Tamil Nadu government concerning delays in the Governor’s assent to state Bills. This situation marks ongoing tensions between state governments and the constitutional role of Governors.
8. The Disturbed Areas Act in Gujarat regulates the transfer of immovable property in areas identified as “disturbed” due to communal tensions. The Act aims to maintain communal harmony and prevent demographic imbalances. Recent amendments have expanded the powers of the district Collector, increasing scrutiny over property transactions in these sensitive areas.
9. In early February 2025, the Pune rural police presented their findings to the National Commission for Scheduled Tribes (NCST) regarding a complaint from Bhil families against the Vasantdada Sugar Institute (VSI). The Bhils, an indigenous tribal group, claim that VSI is attempting to demolish their homes and displace them from land they have inhabited for generations.
10. In 2024, India ranked 96 out of 180 countries in the Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI). This was a decline from its previous rank of 93 in 2023. The CPI measures perceived levels of public sector corruption based on expert assessments and business opinions. The scale ranges from zero, indicating high corruption, to 100, indicating a very clean public sector.
11. The Department of Telecommunications (DoT) of India has launched report in collaboration with the Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure (CDRI). This report focuses on the Disaster Risk and Resilience Assessment Framework (DRRAF) aimed at enhancing the telecom sector’s resilience against disasters.
12. The Asia and the Pacific region is making progress in sustainable development through innovative local solutions. Recent findings from the Asia and the Pacific SDG Progress Report 2025, released by the UN Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP), reveal the crucial role of community-driven initiatives.
13. The Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation has released the Compendium of Datasets and Registries in India 2024. This initiative enhances data accessibility for informed decision-making. It is part of the ongoing efforts to modernise the National Statistical System.
14. The Government of India has announced amendments to the Civil Liability for Nuclear Damages Act (CLNDA) of 2010 and the Atomic Energy Act of 1962. This decision comes ahead of Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s visits to Paris and Washington.
15. The resignation of N. Biren Singh as Chief Minister of Manipur has reignited discussions around President’s Rule in India. The Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) is exploring alternatives to avoid central governance. President’s Rule, invoked under Article 356 of the Constitution of India, allows the central government to assume control of a state when it cannot function according to constitutional provisions.
16. The recent ruling by the Delhi High Court has implications for the National Financial Reporting Authority (NFRA). The court quashed show cause notices issued to auditors and Chartered Accountants (CAs) without undermining the NFRA’s disciplinary authority. The decision focused on procedural lapses rather than the merits of the cases.
17. In Meghalaya, discussions have emerged concerning the potential application of Article 371 of the Constitution of India to resume rat-hole coal mining. This comes as the state prepares for elections. The Voice of the People Party (VPP) has proposed this change, drawing parallels with Nagaland, where similar provisions exist.
18. The Supreme Court of India recently made ruling regarding the taxation of lottery distributors. This decision clarifies the authority of state governments versus the central government in levying taxes on lotteries. The ruling specifically states that only state governments have the power to impose taxes on activities related to the promotion and organisation of lotteries.
19. The Government of India has proposed amendments to the Advocates Act, 1961. This initiative is aimed at modernising the legal framework in response to contemporary challenges. The amendments are part of a broader reform agenda to enhance the legal profession and legal education in India.
20. Recently, meeting took place involving Prime Minister Narendra Modi, Home Minister Amit Shah, and Leader of Opposition Rahul Gandhi. This meeting was convened to appoint a successor to Chief Election Commissioner Rajiv Kumar, who was set to retire. The meeting brought into light changes in the appointment process for the Chief Election Commissioner (CEC) and raised concerns about the new law governing these appointments.
21. The Indian judiciary’s application of the death penalty has come under scrutiny following two recent murder cases with contrasting outcomes. On 22nd January 2025, a civic volunteer received life imprisonment for the rape and murder of a medical student, while a woman was sentenced to death for poisoning her partner.
22. Investors affected by the Torres Ponzi scam are expected to receive approximately Rs. 40 crore over the next six months. The Mumbai Police’s Economic Offences Wing (EOW) has initiated the auctioning of properties seized from the accused under the Maharashtra Protection of Interest of Depositors (MPID) Act.
23. The Mullaperiyar dam has been at the centre of a long-standing dispute between Tamil Nadu and Kerala. On 19th February 2025, the Supreme Court directed a supervisory committee to address the concerns raised by Tamil Nadu regarding the dam’s maintenance. This committee, formed by the Centre, is headed by the National Dam Safety Authority.
24. Recently, the Supreme Court of India made ruling regarding prisoner remission. The court directed states to consider the premature release of prisoners even if they do not apply for remission. This marks a very important change from previous rulings where an application was mandatory.
25. The recent ex-gratia compensation disbursal to the families of victims from the New Delhi railway station stampede has sparked debate. The Ministry of Railways provided cash payments of Rs. 10 lakh to the next of kin of the deceased. This raised questions about the appropriateness of cash payments in such situations.
26. Amritpal Singh, the incarcerated Member of Parliament (MP) from Khadoor Sahib, has petitioned the Punjab and Haryana High Court to attend the ongoing Parliament session. This request comes as he faces the risk of losing his seat due to his prolonged absence. Singh has been detained since April 2023 under the National Security Act and has only attended one session since being elected.
27. The Haryana Witness Protection Scheme 2025 was recently introduced by the Nayab Singh Saini-led BJP government. The scheme is designed to enhance the safety and security of witnesses as the state implements new criminal laws. The scheme categorises witnesses based on their threat perception.
28. The Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) has recently introduced a comprehensive framework for broadcasting services under the Telecommunications Act, 2023. This new framework aims to modernise the broadcasting sector by simplifying authorisation processes and reducing regulatory burdens.
29. The Comptroller and Auditor General of India (CAG) has gained attention recently due to the tabling of 14 pending reports on the previous Aam Aadmi Party (AAP) government in Delhi. Among these reports is one concerning the scrapped excise policy, which estimated a loss of Rs. 2,002 crore to the Delhi government.
30. Union Home Minister Amit Shah led the 27th Western Zonal Council meeting in Pune, Maharashtra, on 22nd February. The meeting included the Chief Ministers of Maharashtra, Gujarat, and Goa, the Administrator of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu, and senior government officials from the state and central ministries.
31. Recently, the Union government appointed an advisory committee to tackle the issue of proxy leadership in Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs). This follows a Supreme Court directive aimed at ensuring that women elected as pradhans are not overshadowed by their male relatives.
32. The ongoing legal discourse surrounding the disqualification of convicted politicians in India has gained momentum. The central government recently defended the six-year disqualification period established by the Representation of the People Act, 1951. This response was prompted by a petition challenging the constitutionality of the Act’s provisions regarding electoral disqualification.
33. The Congress party in Telangana is expected to introduce a Bill aimed at increasing reservations for Backward Classes from 25% to 42%. This move would elevate the total reservation percentage in local bodies, public employment, and education to 62%. The initiative follows the ‘Kamareddy Declaration’ signed by Chief Minister Revanth Reddy before the 2023 elections.
34. The Maharashtra-Karnataka border dispute has reignited following a violent incident involving a bus conductor in Belagavi. This incident has halted bus services between the two states and marks the longstanding tensions rooted in linguistic and territorial claims.
35. India, as the world’s most populous nation, faces challenges in achieving the United Nations-mandated Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). According to the State of States report released on 27th February 2025, India lags in nine out of the 16 SDGs. This report marks the performance of all 36 state of Indias and Union territories (UTs) in relation to these goals.
36. The Immigration and Foreigners Bill 2025 is legislative proposal by the Union Ministry of Home Affairs in India. Set to be introduced during the Budget session starting 10th March 2025, this Bill aims to consolidate and modernise immigration laws. It seeks to repeal four outdated laws governing immigration and foreigners in India.
37. The issue of delimitation in India has resurfaced, raising concerns among southern states. Union Home Minister Amit Shah assured that no southern state would lose parliamentary seats. This statement addresses fears stemming from slower population growth in the South compared to the North.
38. The Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023 (DPDP Act) is a very important piece of legislation in India. It aims to regulate the processing of digital personal data while balancing individual rights and lawful data processing needs. Recently, the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) has been consulting the public on the draft rules associated with this Act.
39. The Central Drugs Standard Control Organisation (CDSCO) has recently enhanced its digital platform, the Sugam Portal, to facilitate online applications for clinical trial site additions and changes in principal investigators for biological products. This initiative aligns with CDSCO’s ongoing efforts to streamline regulatory processes and improve efficiency in drug approvals.
Monthly Current Affairs February 2025
International
1. The Rafah border crossing between Gaza and Egypt has reopened for medical evacuations after being closed since May 2024. This reopening comes amid ongoing conflict in Gaza and is development for humanitarian efforts. The European Union (EU) has reinstated its civilian mission to monitor this critical transit point. The mission aims to support the transfer of individuals needing medical care and to facilitate the movement of injured civilians and Hamas fighters.
2. The recent call by billionaire Elon Musk to abolish the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) has ignited a heated debate about the future of US foreign aid. Following a freeze on USAID funding imposed by President Donald Trump, numerous internal contractors were placed on unpaid leave.
3. The World Health Organization (WHO) faces challenges following the United State’s decision to withdraw its funding. As the largest contributor, the US accounted for approximately 18% of the WHO’s overall budget. This withdrawal has prompted discussions among WHO member states about a potential $400 million budget cut.
4. The military junta in Myanmar has recently extended its state of emergency for an additional six months. This decision comes as the junta prepares for a long-promised election. The announcement was made during a meeting of the National Defense and Security Council.
5. Recently, UK Prime Minister Sir Keir Starmer is making progress in reshaping the relationship between the United Kingdom and the European Union. His recent visit to Brussels marks the first time a British prime minister has engaged with EU leaders since Brexit. This visit aims to enhance cooperation in defence, security, crime, and trade amidst geopolitical challenges, including the ongoing war in Ukraine and the return of Donald Trump to the White House.
6. Recently, Panama officially withdrew from China’s Belt and Road Initiative. The country decided not to renew the 2017 Memorandum of About with China. This move signals Panama’s intent to reaffirm its sovereignty over the Panama Canal. President Jose Raul Mulino declared that the canal’s control is not negotiable.
7. The recent directive from the Trump administration raises concerns regarding the future of India’s Chabahar port project in Iran. This move is part of a broader strategy aimed at increasing pressure on Iran to curb its nuclear ambitions and military activities. The Chabahar port is crucial for India as it provides a direct route to Afghanistan and Central Asia, bypassing Pakistan.
8. The situation in Gaza has seen developments following the ceasefire agreement between Israel and Hamas. As of 9th February 2025, Israeli forces began withdrawing from the Netzarim corridor, important area in northern Gaza. This move is part of Israel’s commitments under a fragile ceasefire deal that aims to halt hostilities after 15 months of intense conflict.
9. The US-India Energy Security Partnership aims to enhance bilateral energy ties. This agreement positions the US as a leading supplier of oil and gas to India. The partnership addresses trade deficits and promotes collaboration in nuclear energy. Both nations are committed to advancing the US-India 123 Civil Nuclear Agreement.
10. Recently, India and the United States launched the TRUST initiative to enhance cooperation in the recovery and processing of critical minerals. This initiative aims to reduce barriers to technology transfer and address export controls. It was announced during Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s visit to Washington.
11. Recent developments at the 61st Munich Security Conference (MSC) have brought into light shift in the geopolitical landscape between the United States and Europe. The conference, held in February 2025, was marked by discord and differing priorities among attendees.
12. Egypt is actively formulating a comprehensive plan to rebuild Gaza. This initiative aims to provide a viable alternative to the controversial proposal by the United States to displace the Palestinian population. This plan is multi-phase and designed to ensure the safety and stability of the Palestinian enclave.
13. On 18th February 2025, Amir Tamim Bin Hamad Al Thani of Qatar visited India for a two-day state visit. This is the Amir’s first visit to India in 9 years. During the visit, PM Modi and the Amir aimed to cement their relationship by focusing on mutual interests. The discussions also covered regional and global issues, underlining the importance of collaboration on a broader scale.
14. India has recently been elected to the Vice Presidency of the International Organization of Aids to Marine Navigation (IALA) during its first General Assembly in Singapore. This election reflects India’s growing influence in maritime affairs.
15. The Teesta River, a vital waterway for both India and Bangladesh, is once again at the centre of diplomatic tensions. Bangladesh has sought China’s assistance for the Teesta River Comprehensive Management and Restoration Project (TRCMRP). This move raises concerns in New Delhi regarding China’s increasing influence in South Asia.
16. Recently, the United States designated eight Latin American criminal organisations as Foreign Terrorist Organizations (FTOs). The groups named include Tren de Aragua, Mara Salvatrucha (MS-13), and Cartel de Sinaloa. Critics argue that the designation could exacerbate tensions between the US and Latin American countries, particularly Mexico.
17. India has long been contributor to United Nations (UN) peacekeeping missions. Recently, External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar reaffirmed India’s commitment to supporting Global South nations in enhancing their peacekeeping capacities. This commitment includes training and capacity-building initiatives, particularly for women peacekeepers.
18. Recently, New Zealand’s Mount Taranaki, also known as Taranaki Maunga, was officially recognised as a legal person. This landmark decision acknowledges the mountain’s significance to Indigenous Maori people, granting it all the rights and responsibilities of a human being. The law is part of a broader movement to address historical injustices faced by Maori following colonisation.
19. Vietnam’s foreign ministry has recently published a map outlining its baseline claim in the Gulf of Tonkin. This move is as it aims to protect Vietnam’s sovereign rights in a region marked by conflicting maritime claims, particularly with China. The baseline is crucial for defining territorial waters and exclusive economic zones.
Monthly Current Affairs February 2025
Defence
1. India’s Defence Ministry recently conducted a pilot study on Lethal Autonomous Weapons Systems (LAWS). This study marks the transformative potential of these technologies. It raises critical questions regarding control, accountability, and ethical deployment.
2. The Indian Navy recently decided to enhance its carrier-based air power by selecting the Dassault Rafale M fighter jet. This choice comes after an extensive evaluation process that pitted Rafale-M against Boeing’s F/A-18E/F Super Hornet. The decision reflects India’s strategic shift towards modernising its naval aviation capabilities.
3. The 13th edition of the Ekuverin military exercise commenced recently between the Indian Army and the Maldives National Defence Force. The exercise aims to enhance interoperability between the two forces and is crucial for encouraging bilateral relations.
4. TROPEX-25, or Theatre Level Operational Readiness Exercise 2025, is military exercise conducted by the Indian Navy. Launched in January 2025, it showcases India’s commitment to joint operational capabilities. The exercise involves the Indian Army, Air Force, and Coast Guard, denoting inter-service collaboration in the Indian Ocean Region.
5. Recent seismic activity in Uttarkashi, Uttarakhand, has raised concerns among experts and residents alike. A series of nine minor earthquakes occurred between 24th January and 3rd February 2025. Although these tremors were mild, they prompted panic among the local population. The area is known for its geological instability, lying in a highly seismic zone.
6. On the occasion of 77th Army Day, the Defence Ministry launched the Bharat Ranbhoomi Darshan initiative. This programme aims to promote battlefield tourism across India. It focuses on 77 sites that commemorate the sacrifices of the Indian Armed Forces. The initiative is a collaboration between the Indian Army, state governments, and the Ministry of Tourism.
7. Recently, the Indian Army’s Eastern Command headquarters, Fort William, was officially renamed Vijay Durg. This change reflects India’s ongoing efforts to shed colonial legacies and honour its indigenous military history. The decision to rename the fort was made in December 2024, marking a historic shift from British influence in recognition of India’s past.
8. The Iskander-1000 missile, developed by Russia, represents advancement in tactical ballistic missile technology. Following the dissolution of the Intermediate Range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty, Russia has accelerated its missile production capabilities. The Iskander-1000 is designed to extend strike capabilities into Western Ukraine, enhancing Russia’s military effectiveness in the region.
9. The Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP) has opened a new Company Operative Base (COB) in Kutul, Chhattisgarh. This area is a stronghold for Naxalite activity. The establishment of the COB aims to enhance security and reduce Naxalite influence in the Abhujhmad region. This region is known for its dense forests and hilly terrain, making it a challenging area for law enforcement.
10. The Indian Ministry of Defence (MoD) recently signed contracts worth Rs. 10,147 crore to boost the firepower of the Indian Army. These agreements involve the procurement of advanced munitions for the indigenously developed PINAKA Multiple Launch Rocket System (MLRS). The contracts were signed with Economic Explosives Limited (EEL) and Munitions India Limited (MIL).
11. India has recently finalised an agreement with Russia to acquire anti-ship cruise missiles. This move aims to strengthen the operational capabilities of the Indian Navy’s submarine fleet. The specifics of the deal, such as the name, quantity, and cost of the missiles, have not been disclosed by the defence ministry.
12. The Indian Army recently completed training exercise named Ex Winged Raider. This operation focused on special airborne operations and brought into light the importance of inter-service collaboration. Conducted in the Eastern Theatre, the exercise showcased the Indian Army’s and Indian Air Force’s (IAF) commitment to enhancing their operational readiness and synergy.
13. India and Egypt commenced joint military exercise named “Cyclone 2025” on 10th February 2025. This exercise takes place at the Mahajan Field Firing Range in Rajasthan and is set to last for 14 days. It involves the special forces of both nations, focusing on enhancing military cooperation and operational readiness in desert conditions.
14. On 10th February 2025, the United Kingdom officially launched the Defence Partnership-India (DP-I). This initiative aims to deepen defence collaboration between the UK and India. The announcement coincided with the Aero India event, where several key agreements were signed. These agreements focus on advanced defence technologies and manufacturing capabilities.
15. Recently, Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL) and Safran Electronics & Defense of France announced a partnership to manufacture the HAMMER (Highly Agile Modular Munition Extended Range) smart precision-guided air-to-ground weapon in India. Apart from this, Safran Aircraft Engines expanded partnership with the HAL for the LEAP engine programme.
16. India’s BrahMos cruise missile programme is undergoing advancements with the development of the BrahMos NG (Next Generation) missile system. This new iteration is expected to begin production by 2027-28, following its first flight tests anticipated next year. The BrahMos NG aims to enhance the capabilities of its predecessor while being lighter and more compact.
17. The Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) and the public sector undertaking Mishra Dhatu Nigam Limited (MIDHANI) have recently signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) during the Aero India 2025 event. This agreement focuses on the indigenous development of a special grade steel known as MDN100.
18. The International Fleet Review (IFR) 2025 is currently taking place in Bali, Indonesia. This event runs from 15th to 22nd February 2025. The Indian Navy is represented by the INS Shardul and the Long Range Maritime Surveillance P8I aircraft. The IFR is a prestigious multinational naval event that showcases naval forces from various countries and is reviewed by the President of Indonesia.
19. The sixth edition of Exercise Dharma Guardian is set to take place at Mount Fuji, Japan from 25th February to 9th March 2025. This joint military exercise between India and Japan aims to enhance interoperability between their armed forces. It focuses on urban warfare and counter-terrorism operations under a United Nations mandate.
20. India and the United States have recently intensified their collaboration in underwater domain awareness (UDA). This focus emerged during Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s visit to Washington, where they announced the Autonomous Systems Industry Alliance (ASIA). This initiative aims to enhance industry partnerships and production within the Indo-Pacific region.
21. India and the United States have recently strengthened their military partnership. Following a meeting between Prime Minister Narendra Modi and President Donald Trump, both nations announced plans for new procurements and co-production of the Javelin anti-tank guided missile. This collaboration aims to enhance India’s defence capabilities.
22. The Indian Ministry of Defence has recently signed contract with Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL) for the procurement of 149 Software Defined Radios (SDRs). This contract, valued at Rs. 1220.12 crore, was finalised on 20th February 2025. It marks a very important move towards enhancing the operational capabilities of the Indian Coast Guard (ICG) and aligns with the government’s broader objectives for maritime security and indigenous defence manufacturing.
23. Recently, the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) and the Indian Navy successfully conducted flight trials of the Naval Anti-Ship Missile Short Range (NASM-SR) at the Integrated Test Range in Chandipur, Odisha. This milestone marks advancement in India’s defence capabilities.
24. The Indian Army has recently contracted 223 Automatic Chemical Agent Detection and Alarm (ACADA) systems from L&T Limited. This procurement, valued at Rs. 80.43 crore, is part of a broader initiative to modernise the army’s capabilities against chemical warfare threats.
Monthly Current Affairs February 2025
Business, Economy & Banking
1. The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) recently executed a dollar-rupee buy/sell swap transaction worth $5 billion. This operation is designed to inject liquidity into the Indian financial system. It was conducted amid ongoing liquidity deficits and concerns about global market conditions.
2. The Commerce Ministry has recently withdrawn the track and trace system for pharmaceutical exports. This decision aligns with the regulatory framework established by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. The Health Ministry has introduced barcode requirements for drug brands starting from August 2023.
3. The Union Budget for 2025-26 was presented by Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman on 1st February 2025. This budget aims to drive economic growth through four primary engines – agriculture, micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs), investments, and exports.
4. Recently, the US President Trump imposed a 25% tariff on Canada and Mexico and a 10% tariff on China, which affects the US’s top three trade partners. This is part of his protectionist trade policies, aimed at reducing the US’s $1 trillion trade deficit.
5. The Indian rupee recently fell to an unprecedented low of 87.29 against the US dollar. This decline occurred on 3rd February 2025, amidst rising fears of a global trade war triggered by US tariffs on imports from Canada, Mexico, and China. The dollar index surged over 1%, reflecting the strengthening of the US dollar against a basket of currencies.
6. OPEC+ has reaffirmed its strategy to gradually increase oil production starting from April 2025. This decision comes amid ongoing geopolitical tensions and fluctuating oil prices. The group has also opted to replace the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) with new firms for monitoring its production metrics.
7. Indian Railways is striving to enhance its freight loading capabilities under the ambitious Mission 3000 plan. This initiative aims to achieve a cargo volume of 3,000 million tonnes (MT) by 2030. Despite facing criticism for its slow progress, Union Railways Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw remains optimistic about meeting the targets.
8. The recent announcement by U.S. President Donald Trump regarding the establishment of a sovereign wealth fund has garnered attention. This fund aims to monetise U.S. assets and may include the acquisition of the popular social media platform TikTok.
9. On 4th February 2025, China announced new counter tariffs against the United States in response to recent tariff hikes imposed by the U.S. government. These tariffs include a 15% levy on coal and liquefied natural gas, and a 10% tariff on crude oil, agricultural machinery, and large-displacement cars.
10. Ukraine’s geopolitical landscape has transformed dramatically due to ongoing conflict with Russia. Amidst this turmoil, Ukraine’s rich deposits of rare earths and other critical minerals have gained attention from global powers, particularly the United States. These resources are vital for various industries, including defence, technology, and renewable energy.
11. The West Bengal government is set to commence basalt mining on 326 acres at the Deocha-Pachami coal mine in Birbhum district. This initiative aligns with the Bengal Global Business Summit (BGBS). The project aims to attract investors while addressing local employment concerns ahead of the 2026 elections.
12. The Union Budget 2025 introduced changes to import duties on life-saving drugs. The government has waived import duties on 36 essential medications and reduced it for an additional six. This initiative aims to make critical treatments more affordable for patients in India. Despite the reduction in costs, most imported drugs remain under patent protection, keeping them expensive.
13. The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) is currently navigating a complex economic landscape. Recent analysis suggests that the RBI’s monetary policy committee (MPC) may not deliver the expected surprises in rate cuts. Historically, the RBI has often surprised the market with larger than anticipated cuts. However, the current environment indicates a more cautious approach.
14. The New Income Tax Bill has been approved by the Union Cabinet led by Prime Minister Narendra Modi. This bill is set to replace the Income Tax Act of 1961. Its introduction is expected during the upcoming Budget session in Parliament. The aim is to simplify direct tax legislation, reduce uncertainties, and minimise legal disputes.
15. The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has introduced the ‘bank.in’ internet domain to address increasing financial fraud cases in the country. This initiative was announced during a recent Monetary Policy Committee meeting led by newly appointed Governor Sanjay Malhotra. The RBI aims to enhance digital security and improve customer trust in online banking.
16. The Reserve Bank of India’s decision to cut the repo rate by 25 basis points to 6.25% marks shift in monetary policy. This is the first reduction in nearly five years. The move is aimed at stimulating economic activity by making borrowing cheaper. The Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) unanimously agreed to this measure on 7th February 2025.
17. The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) recently announced policy change. Non-bank brokers registered with the Securities and Exchange Board of India (Sebi) will now have access to the Negotiated Dealing System-Order Matching (NDS-OM) platform. This initiative aims to increase retail participation in government securities trading.
18. The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has announced enhancement to the security of online payments. This new measure focuses on cross-border “Card Not Present” (CNP) transactions. The introduction of Additional Factor of Authentication (AFA) aims to ensure that international digital transactions using Indian-issued cards are as secure as domestic ones.
19. The Standing Deposit Facility (SDF) is monetary tool introduced by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) to manage liquidity in the banking system. It was established on 8th April 2022, to absorb excess funds from commercial banks without the need for collateral. This move came in response to a massive liquidity surplus following extraordinary measures during the pandemic.
20. India is enhancing its trade relations with the European Free Trade Association (EFTA) by establishing a dedicated platform. This initiative follows the signing of the Trade and Economic Partnership Agreement (TEPA) in March 2024. The agreement aims to increase trade and investment between India and the EFTA member states – Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, and Switzerland.
21. Recently, the Government of India revived a proposal to measure the Gross Domestic Knowledge Product (GDKP). This initiative aims to supplement the traditional Gross Domestic Product (GDP) metric. The Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI) is leading this effort.
22. The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) has introduced a new digital platform named Mutual Fund Investment Tracing and Retrieval Assistant (MITRA). This initiative aims to assist investors in tracking inactive or unclaimed mutual fund folios.
23. The National Investment and Infrastructure Fund (NIIF) is a government-backed initiative in India aimed at boosting infrastructure investment. Established in 2015, it seeks to attract international capital for various projects in the country. As of 2025, NIIF is planning to raise a $2 billion private credit fund, which would be the largest of its kind in India.
24. Recent discussions on fiscal governance in India have brought into light the need for independent fiscal councils at the state level. A research paper by the National Council of Applied Economic Research (NCAER) has recommended the establishment of these councils. The aim is to enhance the institutional capacity of states in managing their finances.
25. Union Shipping Minister Sarbananda Sonowal recently briefed Rajya Sabha about Logistics Performance Index. India has made strides in its logistics sector, achieving notable rankings in the World Bank’s Logistics Performance Index (LPI) 2023. The country is now 22nd in the International Shipments category and 38th overall among 139 countries.
26. The International Energy Agency (IEA) recently released the report titled “India Gas Market Report: Outlook to 203”. It revealed that India’s natural gas demand is expected to grow by 60% by 2030, reaching 103 billion cubic meters (bcm) annually, making it one of the world’s largest consumers.
27. The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) has recently introduced new guidelines for Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) Rating Providers (ERPs). These measures aim to enhance transparency and accountability in the ESG rating process. This initiative reflects the growing importance of ESG factors in investment decisions.
28. The New Income Tax Bill 2025 aims to modernise and simplify India’s income tax framework. Scheduled to take effect on 1st April 2026, the bill introduces several changes while maintaining existing tax rates and principles. It focuses on clarity, coherence, and ease of understanding for taxpayers, addressing long-standing complexities in the current tax legislation.
29. Bharat Tex 2025 is global textile event held in New Delhi from 14th to 17th February 2025. During this event, Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced ambitious targets for India’s textile exports, aiming to increase from Rs. 3 lakh crore to Rs. 9 lakh crore by 2030.
30. The New India Co-operative Bank in Mumbai faces turmoil following allegations of a Rs. 122 crore fraud. The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has imposed strict restrictions on the bank. These measures include barring the bank from granting new loans, renewing existing advances, and accepting new deposits. Furthermore, depositors cannot withdraw funds for six months from 13th February 2025.
31. A working paper titled ‘Time Spent on Employment-Related Activities in India’ was recently released by the Economic Advisory Council to the Prime Minister. The analysis is based on the 2019 Time Use Survey conducted by the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation.
32. The Parliamentary Standing Committee on Finance convened on 24th February 2025, to scrutinise the implications of corporate tax cuts introduced in 2019. This meeting comes as the Union Budget faces review ahead of the parliamentary session reconvening on 10th March.
33. The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has announced $10 billion three-year dollar/rupee swap auction. Scheduled for 28th February, this initiative aims to address the persistent liquidity deficits within the banking system. The RBI’s recent actions reflect a proactive approach to stabilising the financial landscape amidst ongoing cash shortages.
34. Recently, the Government of India announced changes to the taxation of virtual digital assets (VDAs). These changes aim to curb the misuse of cryptocurrencies and enhance tax compliance. The proposed measures will classify VDAs as undisclosed income under the block assessment scheme. This scheme allows for the assessment of undisclosed income identified during tax searches.
35. The potential withdrawal of the United States from key global institutions like the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank is raising alarms. This concern follows the absence of US Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent from recent G20 meetings.
36. The landscape of private philanthropy in India is evolving. Recent reports indicate increase in funding from high-net-worth individuals (HNIs) over the next five years. This growth is projected to be between 10% and 12% annually. As of FY24, the total funding for the social sector in India is approximately Rs. 25 lakh crore, of which private funding is around Rs. 1.3 lakh crore.
37. The Government of India is considering a reduction in federal tax revenues allocated to states. This proposal is set to be presented to the Finance Commission of India, which plays important role in tax sharing and fiscal relations between the federal and state governments. The recommendations from the commission are expected by 31st October 2025, and will be binding.
Monthly Current Affairs February 2025
Science & Technology
1. Recently, two Indian Navy women officers, Lt. Cdr. Dilna K. and Lt. Cdr. Roopa A., successfully navigated through Point Nemo, the most remote location on Earth, during their expedition aboard the sailing vessel INSV Tarini. This historic journey is part of the Navika Sagar Parikrama-II initiative, promoting women’s participation in maritime activities.
2. Recent research has revealed findings regarding cardamom, often referred to as the ‘Queen of Spices’. An international team has identified six close relatives of Green cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum), expanding our understanding of this vital spice. The research involved scientists from Denmark, India, Colombia, Czech Republic, Singapore, Sri Lanka, and the U.K.
3. The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) recently encountered a setback with the NVS-02 satellite. Launched on 29th January 2025, this marked ISRO’s 100th launch. The satellite was intended to be positioned in a designated orbital slot. However, a valve malfunction prevented the necessary orbit raising operations.
4. Recent advancements in Large Area Additive Manufacturing (LAAM) have emerged from a collaborative initiative involving IIT Hyderabad, the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), and various industry partners. This effort has resulted in the development of a state-of-the-art LAAM system, which is set to revolutionise the production of metal components, particularly in the aerospace sector.
5. Recently, China’s Shenzhou-19 crew aboard the Tiangong space station made advancement in space exploration by successfully conducting the first in-orbit demonstration of “artificial photosynthesis” technology. This breakthrough allows for the production of oxygen and rocket fuel ingredients in space, enhancing future missions, including a planned crewed moon landing by 2030.
6. Recent research has brought into light the complex relationship between genetic factors and socioeconomic status in childhood obesity. A study involving 6,400 schoolchildren in India has demonstrated that socioeconomic status influences the genetic predisposition to obesity.
7. The Indian Institute of Technology Madras recently launched the Bharat Cancer Genome Atlas (BCGA). This initiative aims to enhance cancer research in India. It addresses the under-representation of Indian genetic data in global cancer studies. The launch comes ahead of World Cancer Day and marks the increasing cancer incidence in the country.
8. Recent advancements in clean energy technology have brought into light the potential of high-entropy alloys (HEAs) for hydrogen production. These innovative materials can reduce the reliance on precious metals such as platinum. Researchers at the Centre for Nano and Soft Matter Sciences (CeNS) in Bengaluru have developed a new HEA catalyst, PtPdCoNiMn, which demonstrates enhanced efficiency in the electrolysis of water.
9. Recently, Uganda initiated a groundbreaking clinical trial for a vaccine targeting the Sudan species of the Ebola virus. This move, in collaboration with the World Health Organization (WHO) and global partners, follows the confirmation of an outbreak on 30th January. The speed of this trial is unprecedented, marking advancement in emergency vaccine research.
10. China’s Chang’e-7 mission launched in 2025, project aims to investigate the Moon’s south pole for potential water resources. The mission employs an innovative flying robot, designed to traverse the Moon’s challenging terrain. This initiative is part of China’s broader strategy to establish a permanent research base on the Moon.
11. DeepSeek, a Chinese AI application, has recently faced scrutiny due to privacy and security concerns. Various governments have issued bans on its use, particularly within official capacities. The Finance Ministry of India has advised its employees against using AI tools like DeepSeek and ChatGPT, citing risks to sensitive government data.
12. The Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) is spearheading the development of a human vaccine candidate against the highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1. This initiative comes in response to recent outbreaks that have posed threats to both animal and human health in India.
13. The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) recently launched the latest version of its Finite Element Analysis of Structures (FEAST) software at IIT Hyderabad. This event, the 8th National Finite Element Developer’s Meeting, gathered over 250 experts from academia and industry.
14. The Government of India has recently upgraded its Search and Rescue Aid Tool (SARAT) to enhance operational efficiency for search and rescue agencies. The latest version, SARAT version 2, aims to provide faster response times and higher success rates in search-and-rescue operations, particularly in the Indian Ocean region.
15. India’s electric vehicle (EV) charging market is experiencing growth. Recent investments have exceeded $450 million in start-ups focused on charging networks and battery-swapping models. Despite this, the current infrastructure is inadequate. There is only one public charger for every 135 EVs, compared to a global average of one charger for every 6 to 20 EVs.
16. Recent astronomical research has revealed Quipu, the largest known structure in the universe. Named after an Incan recording system, Quipu contains an astonishing mass of 200 quadrillion solar masses. Its immense size stretches over 400 megaparsecs, equivalent to more than 1.3 billion light-years.
17. NASA’s upcoming mission, Pandora, is set to launch in 2025. This mission aims to study the atmospheres of distant exoplanets. With the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) facing overwhelming demand for observation time, Pandora will fill a critical gap. It will focus on clouds, hazes, and water, which are essential for assessing habitability in distant worlds.
18. On 7th February 2025, the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) successfully conducted an ignition trial of the CE20 cryogenic engine. This engine powers the upper stage of the Launch Vehicle Mark-3 (LVM3). The test took place at the High Altitude Test Facility in Mahendragiri, Tamil Nadu.
19. India’s heart failure landscape presents alarming statistics. Recent findings reveal that heart failure patients in India are nearly a decade younger than those in high-income countries. The National Heart Failure Registry (NHFR) indicates a one-year mortality rate of 25%, with variations based on the underlying cause of heart failure.
20. India’s Chandrayaan-3 mission marked milestone in lunar exploration. On 23rd August 2023, India became the first nation to achieve a soft landing on the moon’s south pole. The mission’s landing site, known as Shiv Shakti point, is estimated to be around 3.7 billion years old. This age coincides with the emergence of primitive microbial life on Earth.
21. Recent studies reveal that Earth’s inner core is less stable than previously thought. Research published in the journal ‘Nature Geoscience’ indicates that structural changes may be occurring within the inner core. These changes could affect its rotation and even influence the length of a day.
22. The Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IIT Madras) and the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) have achieved milestone in semiconductor technology. They have developed and successfully tested an aerospace-quality SHAKTI-based semiconductor chip named IRIS (Indigenous RISCV Controller for Space Applications).
23. The International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) aims to harness fusion energy. Recently, Prime Minister of India Narendra Modi visited the ITER facility in France, accompanied by French President Emmanuel Macron. The visit brought into light the progress of ITER, especially the assembly of the world’s largest tokamak.
24. Recent advancements in neutrino research have emerged from the KM3NeT (Cubic Kilometre Neutrino Telescope) Collaboration. This international team is constructing observatories deep beneath the Mediterranean Sea. The aim is to detect and study neutrinos, subatomic particles that can provide vital information about the universe’s most cataclysmic events.
25. The recent outbreak of Sudan virus disease in Uganda has garnered global attention. The World Health Organization and the Ugandan government confirmed this outbreak, marking the ninth recorded since 1976. The index case (first identified case) is a 32-year-old male nurse from Kampala. As of 11th February, there are nine confirmed cases, with the index case being the only reported death.
26. The mpox clade Ib outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) has raised public health concerns since its emergence in September 2023. Recent genomic and epidemiological studies indicate that this outbreak is primarily linked to sexual activity among professional sex workers in densely populated urban areas.
27. The World Health Organization (WHO) has revealed the 2025 edition of the International Classification of Diseases 11th Revision (ICD-11). This edition aims to standardise the language used by health professionals globally for diagnosing and monitoring diseases. The update features several enhancements to improve health systems worldwide.
28. The Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) has made advancement in its quest for self-reliance within the space sector. On 13th February 2025, ISRO announced the successful development of a 10-tonne Vertical Planetary Mixer, the largest of its kind for solid propellants globally. This innovative equipment was designed and manufactured in collaboration with the Central Manufacturing Technology Institute (CMTI) in Bengaluru.
29. India’s Deep Ocean Mission is making strides with the development of the Matsya-6000 submersible. This project, led by the National Institute of Ocean Technology, aims to enhance India’s capabilities in ocean exploration. The submersible, designed to operate at depths of up to 6,000 metres, will play important role in studying marine biodiversity and exploring ocean resources.
30. Recent studies have provided vital information about solar coronal holes and their effects on space weather and the Indian summer monsoon. Coronal holes, identified as dark regions in X-ray and extreme ultraviolet images of the Sun, are characterised by open magnetic field lines.
31. Recently, the state of Andhra Pradesh has witnessed a rise in Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) cases, prompting government action. The Chief Minister has ordered an investigation into the outbreak. Earlier this year, Maharashtra also reported rising cases of GBS.
32. Recent research has revealed an intriguing anomaly in the concentration of the radioactive isotope beryllium-10, which occurred approximately 10 million years ago. This discovery, based on rock samples from the Pacific Ocean floor, provides a potential new method for geologists to date historical events.
33. Recent studies have revealed that nocturnal bull ants, specifically Myrmecia pyriformis and Myrmecia midas, utilise polarised moonlight for navigation during foraging. This discovery, made by researchers at Macquarie University in Sydney, marks a unique adaptation in these insects.
34. Pope Francis, the 88-year-old leader of the Roman Catholic Church, is currently hospitalised due to double pneumonia. This condition arose from a complex respiratory infection exacerbated by his pre-existing lung issues. The pope’s case is particularly concerning due to his age and medical history.
35. Microsoft has recently introduced Majorana 1, a quantum chip that promises enhanced reliability and scalability of qubits. This development marks advancement in quantum computing technology. Microsoft aims to create a fully functional quantum computer by 2027-2029.
36. Nvidia has developed Evo 2, the largest artificial intelligence system dedicated to biological research. Announced in 2025, this system aims to revolutionise medicine and genetics. Evo 2 can read and design genetic codes across all forms of life. It uses nearly 9 trillion pieces of genetic information from over 1,28,000 organisms.
37. The Indian National Space Promotion and Authorization Centre (IN-SPACe) has recently launched a Rs. 500-crore Technology Adoption Fund (TAF). This initiative aims to support space technology firms, particularly startups and MSMEs, in creating commercially viable products.
38. Recent geological studies have revealed that the northern region of Iraq, particularly around the Zagros Mountains, is experiencing slow but geological changes. A research team has identified a sinking oceanic slab beneath the Earth’s surface that is gradually pulling this area downwards. This phenomenon is a result of complex tectonic processes occurring over millions of years.
39. A collaborative initiative involving IIIT-Delhi, CHRI-PATH, Tata 1mg, and the Indian Council of Medical Research has led to the development of AMRSense. This AI-powered tool analyses routine hospital data to provide timely vital information about antibiotic resistance patterns.
40. Recent research has brought to light a new bat coronavirus named HKU5-CoV-2. This discovery was made at the Wuhan Institute of Virology in China. Scientists have noted its similarities to SARS-CoV-2, the virus that caused the COVID-19 pandemic. The study has raised questions about potential human transmission and pandemic risks.
41. Researchers from PRL Ahmedabad, Panjab University Chandigarh, and ISRO’s Laboratory for Electro-Optics Systems in Bengaluru created the first detailed map of the Moon’s south pole. They used data from the Pragyan rover.
42. The fight against tuberculosis (TB) in India is at a critical juncture. Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s ambitious goal to eliminate TB by 2025 faces hurdles. Recent developments highlight a disconnect between technological advancements and their implementation in public health programmes.
43. Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a genetic disorder that severely affects motor neurons. Recent advancements have led to a groundbreaking treatment for SMA while the child is still in the womb. This innovative approach marks important milestone in medical history, as it is the first successful in-utero treatment for this debilitating condition.
44. Recent developments in artificial intelligence (AI) have raised concerns regarding its future impact on society. Elon Musk has been particularly vocal about the potential dangers of AI surpassing human intelligence. He predicts that superintelligent AI could emerge as soon as 2025. This scenario, known as AI singularity, refers to a point where machines improve themselves beyond human control.
45. NASA’s SPHEREx telescope is set to launch on 27th February 2025. This mission aims to create the most detailed and colourful map of the universe ever. It will explore cosmic history and the potential for life beyond Earth. The telescope will operate for two years, gathering data about galaxies, stars, and life-forming molecules.
46. NASA is on the brink of launching SPHEREx, a groundbreaking space telescope. Scheduled for launch no earlier than 27th February 2025, SPHEREx aims to provide a comprehensive view of the cosmos. With a budget of just $488 million, it promises to deliver capabilities that may surpass those of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), which cost $10 billion.
47. Recent findings from China’s Zhurong rover have revealed evidence of an ancient ocean on Mars. Ground-penetrating radar data suggests the presence of sandy beach-like structures beneath the Martian surface. This discovery supports the hypothesis of a large ocean, known as Deuteronilus, that existed approximately 3.5 to 4 billion years ago.
48. NASA’s Polarimetry to Unify the Corona and Heliosphere (PUNCH) mission aims to study the Sun’s atmosphere and its influence on space weather. Scheduled for launch on 28th February 2025, this mission will deploy four suitcase-sized satellites into Low Earth Orbit (LEO). Each satellite will weigh approximately 64 kg and collectively aim to enhance our understanding of solar winds and Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs).
49. For years, scientists believed that the Mars red hue was solely due to iron minerals rusting in dry conditions. However, new research indicates a wetter history for Mars. This research combines spacecraft data from the European Space Agency (ESA) and NASA with advanced laboratory experiments.
50. Recently, Intuitive Machines launched its second lunar mission, the Athena moon lander, from NASA’s Kennedy Space Center. This mission follows the company’s historic achievement as the first private entity to successfully land on the moon. The Athena mission, part of the IM-2 programme, aims to explore the moon’s resources and deploy a lunar cellular network.
51. NASA recently launched the Lunar Trailblazer, a satellite aimed at locating water on the moon. This mission is crucial for future lunar exploration. Water is essential for sustaining human life and can be converted into oxygen and hydrogen fuel. The Lunar Trailblazer will focus on permanently shadowed craters at the moon’s poles, where water ice may exist.
Monthly Current Affairs February 2025
Government Schemes
1. The Aadhaar Authentication for Good Governance (Social Welfare, Innovation, Knowledge) Amendment Rules, 2025 were recently published by the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY). This amendment aims to improve transparency and inclusivity in governance.
2. The Prime Minister Dhan-Dhaanya Krishi Yojana (PMDKY) was announced by Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman during the Union Budget presentation on 1st February 2025. This initiative aims to enhance agricultural productivity in under-developed districts across India. The PMDKY is set to focus on 100 districts identified based on specific agricultural parameters.
3. In Maharashtra, students admitted under the Socially and Economically Backward Classes (SEBC) quota for the 2024-25 academic session have received a three-month extension to submit their Caste Validation Certificates (CVCs). Initially, a six-month extension was granted in June 2024. The new deadline is now set for April 2025.
4. The PM-JANMAN package is initiative launched in November 2023 to enhance the living conditions of Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs) in India. The programme aims for 100% saturation of essential services like housing, water, and roads across PVTG habitations.
5. The SWAMIH Fund 2.0 has been introduced to address the challenges in India’s real estate sector. The Union Finance Minister announced a budgetary provision of Rs. 15,000 crore to aid the completion of one lakh dwelling units. This move aims to revive numerous housing projects that have faced delays due to financial constraints.
6. The Government of India has introduced a Bill to establish the Tribhuvan Sahkari University. This new institution will be located on the campus of the Institute of Rural Management Anand (IRMA) in Gujarat. The Bill was presented in Lok Sabha by the Minister of State for Cooperation, Krishan Pal Gurjar, on 3rd February 2025.
7. The Higher Education Commission of India (HECI) is set to transform the landscape of higher education regulation in India. This initiative aims to replace existing bodies like the University Grants Commission (UGC) and the All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE).
8. The Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT) is set share rules on how private companies can use data and maps from the PM Gati Shakti portal to plan and develop infrastructure projects. The PM Gati Shakti Scheme is initiative by the Government of India aimed at revolutionising infrastructure development.
9. The Kerala government has recently approved the Kerala Health System Improvement Programme, supported by a Rs. 2,424.28 crore loan from the World Bank. This initiative aims to elevate healthcare standards across the state. It addresses pressing issues such as non-communicable diseases, emergency services, and elder care while prioritising the welfare of the poor.
10. The Government of India has restructured its skilling initiatives under the Skill India Programme. This move combines three key schemes to enhance vocational training across the country. The initiative aims to provide quality education and skill development to both urban and rural populations. The government has allocated Rs. 8,800 crore for the programme, which will run until 2026.
11. The Swavalambini Women Entrepreneurship Programme was launched in 2025 to promote women entrepreneurship in Northeast India. The initiative was inaugurated in nine colleges and universities, marking step towards nurturing women-led enterprises.
12. The Grameen Credit Score Scheme was announced by Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman in the 2025 budget. This initiative aims to enhance financial inclusion for Self Help Groups (SHGs) and rural women entrepreneurs in India. It represents shift in assessing the creditworthiness of millions of women involved in SHGs.
13. The “Beti Bachao Beti Padhao” (BBBP) scheme was launched in India to combat gender imbalance and improve the child sex ratio. Odisha has implemented several initiatives under this scheme to empower girls and prevent child marriage. These initiatives focus on awareness, education, and self-defence training for adolescent girls.
14. The massive Rs. 21,000 crore transmission project in Ladakh aims to evacuate power from renewable energy park. This initiative faces unprecedented challenges. These include security concerns, skilled labour shortages, and the need for extensive road infrastructure. The project is vital for enhancing India’s renewable energy capabilities but raises questions about its viability and impact on local communities.
15. The ‘Bikashita Gaon, Bikashita Odisha’ (BGBO) scheme was launched by Chief Minister Mohan Charan Majhi in Jankia, Khurda district. This initiative seeks to transform rural areas in Odisha by bridging the development gap between urban and rural regions.
16. The Pradhan Mantri Anusuchit Jaati Abhyuday Yojana (PM-AJAY) is initiative aimed at uplifting Scheduled Caste (SC) communities across India. Launched to combat poverty and enhance socio-economic conditions, the scheme focuses on generating employment and improving education.
17. Recently, the Government of India launched an ambitious campaign aimed at the elimination of Lymphatic Filariasis (LF). The initiative, known as the Annual Nationwide Mass Drug Administration (MDA) Campaign, was inaugurated by Union Minister for Health and Family Welfare, Shri Jagat Prakash Nadda.
18. The Market Intervention Scheme (MIS) is important initiative under the PM-AASHA scheme aimed at supporting farmers during price fluctuations of perishable agricultural commodities. The scheme is activated upon the request of State or Union Territory (UT) governments when market prices drop. This mechanism ensures that farmers do not have to sell their produce at distress prices.
19. Recently, NITI Aayog released policy report titled “Expanding Quality Higher Education through States and State Public Universities”. The report focuses on State Public Universities (SPUs), which educate 80% of India’s college students. It aligns with the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 and aims to help India become a developed country (Viksit Bharat) by 2047.
20. The UDAN (Ude Desh ka Aam Naagrik) scheme has reached a new milestone with the launch of its 5.5 version. This phase aims to improve regional air connectivity, particularly for remote areas, hilly regions, and islands. The initiative focuses on utilising seaplanes and helicopters to connect underserved locations.
21. The Atal Bhujal Yojana (ATAL JAL) is initiative by the Government of India aimed at sustainable groundwater management. Launched on 25th December 2019, it addresses the critical issue of groundwater depletion in India. The scheme initially targeted seven water-stressed states and is now set to expand to twelve states, including Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Punjab, Tamil Nadu and Telangana.
22. The recently released Devolution Index Report marks a very important moment for rural local self-governance in India. This comprehensive document evaluates the status of decentralisation across various states and Union Territories. It aims to empower Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) and realise the vision of “Local Self Government” as enshrined in the 73rd Constitutional Amendment.
23. The Prime Minister’s New 15 Point Programme aims to support minority communities in India. Launched by the Ministry of Minority Affairs, it targets the socio-economic upliftment of six notified minority groups. These groups include Muslims, Christians, Sikhs, Buddhists, Jains, and Parsis.
24. Karnataka has revealed its new industrial policy for 2025-30. This policy aims to attract Rs. 7.5 lakh crore in investments and create 20 lakh new jobs. The focus is on equitable growth across all regions. It seeks to promote industrial development beyond Bengaluru, particularly in backward areas. The policy was announced during the global investors meet, ‘Invest Karnataka 2025’.
25. Mission Amrit Sarovar was launched in April 2022 to combat water scarcity in India. As of January 2025, the initiative has successfully constructed or rejuvenated over 68,000 ponds, far exceeding its initial target. The mission aims to create 75 ponds in each district, totalling 50,000 nationwide.
26. West Bengal government has introduced the “Nodi Bandhan” scheme as part of its 2025-26 budget. The scheme will help combat natural disasters while creating job opportunities. The budget allocates substantial funds for the Ghatal Masterplan, which focuses on flood prevention in West Midnapore.
27. The Ministry of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry and Dairying in India is leading a nationwide campaign to enhance registrations on the National Fisheries Digital Platform (NFDP). This campaign runs from 14th to 22nd February 2025. It aims to expedite registration approvals and mobilise applications from eligible stakeholders. The initiative is part of the Pradhan Mantri Matsya Kisan Samridhi Sah-Yojana (PMMKSSY).
28. India has made strides in combating leprosy. The country achieved the World Health Organization’s elimination status in 2005. This status indicates less than one case per 10,000 population. However, leprosy remains a public health challenge in certain regions. The Union Health Ministry has initiated a targeted approach to further reduce leprosy cases by 2027.
29. Madhya Pradesh has recently introduced the Global Capability Centre (GCC) Policy 2025, becoming the first state of India to do so. This policy aims to establish the state as a premier hub for global innovation and collaboration. It is part of a broader strategy to decentralise business operations from traditional metro cities to tier-2 cities, encouraging economic growth and job creation.
30. The Karnataka Clean Mobility Policy 2025-2030 was launched at the Global Investor’s Meet – Invest Karnataka 2025 by Energy Minister K. J. George. This policy aims to attract investments of Rs. 50,000 crore and create one lakh jobs in the state. Karnataka seeks to reinforce its leadership in the electric vehicle (EV) sector and become a hub for clean mobility innovation in Asia.
31. The Government of India has approved a Rs. 529 crore interest-free loan for the rehabilitation of landslide-affected areas in Wayanad, Kerala. This decision follows devastating landslides in July 2024, which resulted in over 300 fatalities and destruction of infrastructure. The loan is aimed at restoring critical facilities such as roads, bridges, and water supply systems.
32. The Anusandhan National Research Foundation (ANRF) has recently launched the J. C. Bose Grant (JBG). This initiative aims to honour the exceptional contributions of senior Indian scientists and engineers. It provides extra-mural funding opportunities to enhance research in advanced scientific and technological fields.
33. Union Minister for Social Justice and Empowerment (SJ&E), Dr. Virender Kumar visited Jammu recently. On the occasion, he distributed Ayushman health cards and PPE kits to Safai Mitras under the flagship NAMASTE Scheme.
34. Recently, Indian Railways has chosen 61 railway stations in Karnataka for redevelopment under the Amrit Bharat Station Scheme. This project aims to modernize and improve the facilities at these stations. The Amrit Bharat Station Scheme (ABSS) is initiative by Indian Railways aimed at modernising railway stations across India.
35. The Kerala government has made strides in health care with the Karunya Arogya Suraksha Padhathi (KASAP). This integrated health protection scheme aims to provide comprehensive coverage for the state’s most vulnerable populations. With an additional allocation of Rs. 300 crore, the total funding for KASAP in the current financial year has reached Rs. 978.54 crore.
36. The National Geospatial Knowledge-based Land Survey of Urban Habitations (NAKSHA) is programme launched by the Government of India. It aims to create and update land records in urban and semi-urban areas. The initiative was inaugurated by Union Minister Shivraj Singh Chouhan in Madhya Pradesh. It covers 152 Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) across 26 states and three Union Territories.
37. On 18th February 2025, the Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY) celebrated its nine-year anniversary. Launched in 2016 by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, this scheme has become a vital tool for stabilising farmer’s incomes and encouraging innovative agricultural practices.
38. Recently, the Gujarat government launched the G-SAFAL initiative. This programme aims to uplift Antyodaya families, focusing on economic self-sufficiency and women’s empowerment. The initiative targets 50,000 families across 10 districts, providing them with essential support to break the cycle of poverty.
39. The National Geospatial Knowledge-based Land Survey of Urban Habitations (NAKSHA) was launched on 18th February 2025, by Union Rural Development Minister Shivraj Singh Chouhan. The initiative aims to modernise urban land records in India, addressing the longstanding issue of outdated mapping in many urban areas.
40. The Arunachal Pradesh government has recently announced enhancements to the Dulari Kanya Scheme. This initiative aims to support the institutional births of girl children. The Dulari Kanya Scheme was originally designed to provide financial support for the institutional births of girl children.
41. The Uttarakhand government has recently approved a draft law that restricts land purchases by non-residents in most districts. This law is a response to long-standing public demands to protect local resources and cultural heritage. The revised legislation will be tabled in the assembly budget session, which will end on 24th February 2025.
42. In a landmark decision, the Government of India has mandated energy storage systems for all future solar project tenders. This initiative aims to enhance renewable energy adoption and address solar power’s intermittency challenges. The Central Electricity Authority issued an advisory requiring a minimum of two hours of energy storage capacity equivalent to 10% of the installed capacity for upcoming solar projects.
43. India has launched a comprehensive campaign to combat non-communicable diseases (NCDs). The initiative targets individuals aged 30 and above. It aims to screen for conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, and specific cancers. This effort is part of the National Programme for Prevention and Control of Non-Communicable Diseases (NP-NCD).
44. The Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India (IRDAI) has launched a new payment mechanism called Bima-ASBA. This initiative aims to simplify premium payments for life and health insurance policies. Starting from 1st March 2025, policyholders can use the Unified Payments Interface (UPI) to block funds in their bank accounts.
45. The newly formed Delhi Cabinet, led by Chief Minister Rekha Gupta, has taken steps towards implementing the Ayushman Bharat Yojana. This decision, made during their inaugural meeting, aligns with the Bharatiya Janata Party’s (BJP) election manifesto. The scheme aims to enhance healthcare access for Delhi residents, providing a total coverage of Rs. 10 lakh.
46. The Government of Kerala has launched Nayanamritham 2.0. This initiative is the world’s first government-led programme for AI-assisted chronic eye disease screening. It follows the success of Nayanamritham 1.0. The programme aims to enhance early detection and improve accessibility to quality eye care throughout the state.
47. Recently, the Government of India revamped its coaching scheme aimed at enhancing educational opportunities for students from disadvantaged backgrounds. This updated initiative extends benefits to children covered under the PM CARES scheme alongside Scheduled Castes (SCs) and Other Backward Classes (OBCs).
48. NITI Aayog, India’s policy think tank, is spearheading an initiative to shape the future of several states through the development of state-specific vision documents aimed at achieving a Viksit Bharat (Developed India) by 2047. The annual report for 2024-25 outlines this visioning exercise, which involves states such as Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Odisha, Bihar, and Madhya Pradesh.
49. India is actively engaging with international organisations to address skill gaps in the workforce. Recent discussions led by the Ministry of Labour and Employment focused on a feasibility study for skill gap mapping. This initiative is part of India’s commitment to enhance its workforce capabilities in alignment with global standards.
50. India’s commitment to rural development has gained renewed focus through the African-Asian Rural Development Organisation (AARDO). Recently, at an AARDO meeting, Indian officials brought into light the importance of collective vision and cooperation. They stressed the shared aspirations of communities in Asia and Africa for dignity, opportunity, and progress.
51. The Government of India has announced measures to improve credit access for farmers. A Rs. 1,000 crore allocation for the Credit Guarantee Scheme for electronic-Negotiable Warehouse Receipts (e-NWRs) aims to transform agricultural financing. This initiative is part of the Digital India Mission and includes the e-Kisan Upaj Nidhi (e-KUN) programme.
52. Recently, the Government e Marketplace (GeM) celebrated six years of its SWAYATT initiative. Launched in 2019, SWAYATT aims to enhance participation of women and youth in public procurement. The initiative focuses on social inclusion and aims to make business easier for startups and Micro & Small Enterprises (MSEs).
53. The Union Minister of Ports, Shipping and Waterways, Shri Sarbananda Sonowal, recently announced investment of over Rs. 4,800 crore for the development of Assam’s inland waterways. This announcement was made during the Advantage Assam 2.0 summit in Guwahati.
54. In a surprising development, US President Donald Trump has announced a new immigration initiative called the “Gold Card”. This programme offers a direct pathway to US citizenship for foreign investors who contribute $5 million. The Gold Card replaces the previously existing EB-5 visa programme, which was popular among Indian investors.
55. Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways (MoPSW) launched new initiatives recently to modernise maritime infrastructure, enhance global trade presence, and promote sustainability. They with the vision of a developed India by 2047.
56. The Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) has recently launched the Aadhaar Good Governance portal. This initiative aims to streamline the approval process for Aadhaar authentication requests. The portal is part of a broader effort to enhance ease of living and improve service accessibility for citizens.
Monthly Current Affairs February 2025
Awards & Honours
1. Recently, Prime Minister of India Narendra Modi and French President Emmanuel Macron visited the Mazargues War Cemetery in Marseilles. They paid tribute to the 900 Indian soldiers commemorated there for their service in World War I. This event marks the yet often overlooked contributions of Indian troops during both World Wars.
2. Indian-American musician and business leader Chandrika Tandon has won the Grammy Award for Best New Age, Ambient, or Chant Album for her project ‘Triveni’, in collaboration with Wouter Kellerman and Eru Matsumoto. The prestigious award was presented at the 67th Grammy Awards on 2nd February 2025, at Crypto.com Arena in Los Angeles.
3. Nita Ambani, the Founder and Chairperson of Reliance Foundation, has been awarded the Governor of Massachusett’s Citation for her outstanding contributions to education, healthcare, sports, arts, culture, and women’s empowerment. This recognition highlights her long-standing efforts to drive positive societal change in India and beyond.
4. Shaktikanta Das, the former Governor of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), has been appointed as Principal Secretary to the Prime Minister of India as of 22nd February 2025. This appointment marks shift in the Indian bureaucratic landscape as Das brings a unique blend of experience in both monetary and fiscal policy.
5. The 31st Screen Actors Guild (SAG) Awards took place on 23rd February 2025, at the Shrine Auditorium & Expo Hall in Los Angeles, celebrating outstanding performances in film and television. Hosted by Kristen Bell and streamed live on Netflix, the event honored actors and ensembles for their exceptional work over the past year.
6. Kannada writer Banu Mushtaq’s short story collection Heart Lamp, translated into English by Deepa Bhasthi, has been longlisted for the prestigious International Booker Prize 2025. This marks the first time a Kannada title has been included in the longlist of the prize, which celebrates the finest translated fiction from around the world.
Sports
1. Olympic medal-winning shooter Manu Bhaker has been awarded the BBC Indian Sportswoman of the Year (ISWOTY) 2024. The prestigious award, conducted by the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), honours the achievements of Indian female athletes and their contributions to sports over the past year.
2. The 38th National Games 2025 came to a grand conclusion in Haldwani, Uttarakhand, marking the end of an event that showcased India’s growing sports culture. Hosted from 28th January to 14th February 2025, the Games emphasized sustainability under the theme ‘Green Games’, with initiatives aimed at reducing environmental impact.
3. India U19 star G. Kamalini created history by becoming the youngest debutant in the Women’s Premier League (WPL). The 16-year-old left-handed batter received her maiden Mumbai Indians (MI) cap on 18th February 2025, during MI’s match against Gujarat Giants (GG) at the Kotambi Stadium, Vadodara.
4. In a historic yet unfortunate incident, Bangladesh’s Shohely Akhter has become the first woman cricketer to be banned by the International Cricket Council (ICC) for corruption charges. The 36-year-old cricketer was found guilty of attempting to fix matches during the 2023 Women’s T20 World Cup and has been handed a five-year ban from all forms of cricket.
5. India’s ace cueist Pankaj Advani secured the 2025 Asian Snooker Championship men’s title, defeating Amir Sarkosh of Iran in the final. This marks his 14th Asian title across snooker and billiards events. The championship, featuring men’s, women’s, and under-21 categories, was organized by the Asian Confederation of Billiards Sports and hosted by the Qatar Billiards Sports Federation in Doha, Qatar, from 15th – 21st February 2025.
6. The upcoming ICC Champions Trophy, scheduled to be held from 19th February to 9th March 2025, in Pakistan and Dubai, is already creating a buzz in the cricket world. Adding to the excitement, former India opener Shikhar Dhawan has been named as one of the four official event ambassadors for the prestigious tournament.
7. Mohun Bagan Super Giant secured their second consecutive Indian Super League (ISL) Winners Shield with a dramatic 1-0 victory over Odisha FC at Kolkata’s Salt Lake Stadium on 23rd February 2025. The match remained tense until the final moments when Dimitrios Petratos struck the winning goal in injury time, making Mohun Bagan the first team in ISL history to defend the Shield successfully.
8. Virat Kohli has once again etched his name in cricketing history by becoming the fastest batter to reach 14,000 ODI runs. He achieved this milestone in just 287 innings, surpassing Sachin Tendulkar (350 innings) and Kumar Sangakkara (378 innings). Kohli reached the landmark during India’s Champions Trophy 2025 match against Pakistan in Dubai.
Monthly Current Affairs February 2025
Monthly Current Affairs January 2025
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