The Cucuteni-Trypillia culture, often simply referred to as the Cucuteni culture, was a Neolithic–Eneolithic archaeological culture (c. 5200 to 3500 BCE) in Eastern Europe. It was named after the village of Cucuteni in Iași County, Romania, where the first discoveries were made. The culture is also sometimes called the Tripolye culture, named after a site in Ukraine.
The Cucuteni-Trypillia culture flourished primarily in what is now modern-day Moldova, northeastern Romania, and parts of Ukraine. It was one of the most advanced Neolithic cultures, known for its large settlements, advanced agriculture, and distinctive pottery.
The people of the Cucuteni culture lived in large, well-organized settlements with well-developed infrastructure. They practiced agriculture, domesticated animals, and engaged in trade, as evidenced by the presence of exotic materials such as copper and gold artifacts in their settlements.
One of the most distinctive features of the Cucuteni culture is their elaborate pottery, which often featured intricate designs and patterns. These artifacts are highly valued by archaeologists for the insights they provide into the artistic and cultural achievements of the Cucuteni people.
The reasons for the decline of the Cucuteni-Trypillia culture around 3500 BCE are still debated among scholars, but factors such as environmental changes, warfare, and social upheaval are believed to have played a role. Despite its eventual decline, the Cucuteni culture left a lasting impact on the development of early European civilizations.
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