THE VERB (क्रिया)
THE VERB AND ITS KINDS
The verb is an Action word. There can be no sentence without a Verb. If there is only one word in a sentence, it would be a verb, Example-
(क्रिया एक क्रिया शब्द है। बिना क्रिया के कोई वाक्य नहीं हो सकता। यदि एक वाक्य में केवल एक ही शब्द हो तो वह क्रिया होगी)
- (1) Go.(जाना )
- (2) Come.(आना )
- (3) Stop.(रुकना )
KINDS OF THE VERB (क्रिया के प्रकार)-
Verbs are of the following kinds :
1. Intransitive Verb (अकर्मक क्रिया)
2. Transitive Verb (सकर्मक क्रिया)
(a) Transitive Verb with One Object
(b) Transitive Verb with Two Objects
(c) Transitive Verb with an Object and a Complement
3. Linking Verb (जोड़ने की क्रिया)
4. Auxiliary Verb (सहायक क्रिया)
1. Intransitive Verb (अकर्मक क्रिया)
The Verbs which have no objects are called Intransitive Verbs. As :
जिन क्रियाओं में कोई वस्तु नहीं होती है उन्हें अकर्मक क्रिया कहते हैं। जैसा :-
1. He goes. (वह जाता है।)
2. Ram wept.( राम रोया।)
3. The dog barks.( कुत्ता भौंकता है।)
4. The child is sleeping.( बच्चा सो रहा है।)
In the examples given above goes, wept, barks and sleeping don’t have any objects.
(ऊपर दिए गए उदाहरणों में जाता है, रोता है, भौंकता है और सोता है कोई वस्तु नहीं है।)
2. Transitive Verb (सकर्मक क्रिया)
(a) Transitive Verb must have an object. As :
1 He reads a book (वह एक किताब पढ़ता है)
2. You play cricket daily(आप रोजाना क्रिकेट खेलते हैं)
In the examples given above reads and play have been used as Transitive Verbs and their objects are book and cricket. (ऊपर दिए गए उदाहरणों में रीड एंड प्ले का उपयोग सकर्मक क्रियाओं के रूप में किया गया है और उनकी वस्तुएँ पुस्तक और क्रिकेट हैं।)
(b) A few Transitive Verbs demand two objects. As :
He gave me his books. The example given above gave has two Objects (1) me and (2) books. (c) There are some Transitive Verbs that ask for an Object followed by a complement. Example-
The boys made Shyam their Captain. In this example Shyam has been used as an object and Captain has been
(लड़कों ने श्याम को अपना कप्तान बनाया। इस उदाहरण में श्याम को एक वस्तु के रूप में प्रयोग किया गया है और कप्तान को)
used as Complement.
Pick out the Transitive and Intransitive verbs in the following sentences and write the object of each Transitive verb against it:
(निम्नलिखित वाक्यों में सकर्मक और अकर्मक क्रियाओं को चुनिए और प्रत्येक सकर्मक क्रिया का उद्देश्य उसके सामने लिखिए)
1. Dogs bark.
2. Boys go to school.
3. The birds flew away.
4. He asked me a question.
5. She gave me a pen.
6. She never tells a lie.
7. They found her asleep.
8. School opens al 7 a.m.
9. The teacher taught us a lesson.
10. He washed his clothes.
3. Linking Verb (जोड़ने की क्रिया)
Linking Verbs connect subject to Complement. Example-
(क्रिया को जोड़ना पूरक के अधीन है। जैसे कि-)
1. I am a boy.मैं एक लड़का हूँ।
2. You are a teacher.आप एक शिक्षक हैं।
3. My father was old. मेरे पिता बूढ़े थे।
Note: Linking Verbs only consist of Is. Am. Are, Was, Were are used as Main Verbs. (क्रिया को जोड़ने में केवल Is शामिल है। हूँ। Are, Was, Were का उपयोग Main Verbs के रूप में किया जाता है।)
4. Auxiliary Verb (सहायक क्रिया)
Auxiliary Verbs help form the Tense of the Main Verbs. As;
(सहायक क्रियाएँ मुख्य क्रियाओं के काल को बनाने में मदद करती हैं।)
1. Ramesh is playing. रमेश खेल रहा है।
2. She has gone. वह चली गई है।
Note: In the examples given above is and has are Auxiliary verbs. Auxiliary verbs are of two kinds:
(a) Primary Auxiliaries
(b) Modal Auxiliaries.
Primary Auxiliaries are three in number:
- (1) be, (2) have, (3) do.
- ‘Be’ includes-(1) Be (2) Been (3) Is (4) Am (5) Are (6) Was (7) Were.
- ‘Have’ consists of – (1) Has (2) Have (3) Had.
- ‘Do’ takes-(1) Do (2) Does (3) Did.
Note:
(1) Putting ‘not’ after Primary Auxiliaries becomes Sentence Negative. Example-
- He is not Playing. वह नहीं खेल रहा है
(2) Primary Auxiliaries if put before the subject, the sentence becomes
Interrogative. Example-
- Is he playing now? क्या वह अब खेल रहा है?