Round-robin is a scheduling algorithm used in various contexts, including sports tournaments, computer networking, and task scheduling. Here’s an overview of how it works:

1. Sports Tournaments: In the context of sports, a round-robin tournament involves each team playing every other team in the tournament once. The tournament format ensures that each team has an equal opportunity to compete against every other team, promoting fairness and providing a comprehensive evaluation of each team’s performance.
2. Computer Networking: In computer networking, round-robin DNS (Domain Name System) is a method of load balancing and distributing incoming network traffic across multiple servers or resources. When a client requests a domain name resolution, the DNS server responds with a list of IP addresses for the domain. The client then rotates through the list of IP addresses in a round-robin fashion, distributing requests evenly among the available servers.
3. Task Scheduling: Round-robin scheduling is a CPU scheduling algorithm used in operating systems to allocate CPU time to multiple processes or tasks. Each process is assigned a fixed time slice or quantum, and the CPU switches between processes in a circular or round-robin fashion. If a process does not complete within its allotted time slice, it is preempted, and the CPU is assigned to the next process in the queue.
4. Benefits and Limitations: Round-robin scheduling is simple to implement and ensures fairness by providing equal opportunities to all processes or teams. However, it may not be the most efficient scheduling algorithm in all scenarios, particularly if processes have varying execution times or if some servers in a network are more heavily loaded than others.

Overall, round-robin scheduling is a widely used algorithm in various fields due to its simplicity and fairness, but it may be supplemented or replaced by other scheduling algorithms in certain situations to optimize performance and resource utilization.

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